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Question 29 of 73 · Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule
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The Battle of Ambur, which marked the beginning of the Second Carnatic War, was fought in:

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Answer: Option D — 1749

Detailed Solution

The Battle of Ambur was fought on 3 August 1749, and marked the beginning of the Second Carnatic War (1749-1754).

About the battle:

Ambur is a town in the Tirupathur (earlier Vellore) district of Tamil Nadu.

The battle was fought between Anwaruddin, the Nawab of the Carnatic, and the combined forces of Chanda Sahib (a rival claimant to the Carnatic) and Muzaffar Jang (a claimant to the throne of Hyderabad), who were supported by the French.

Anwaruddin was defeated and killed.

Chanda Sahib became the Nawab of the Carnatic.

Anwaruddin's son, Muhammad Ali, fled to Trichinopoly (Tiruchirappalli) and sought English help.

Background - the Second Carnatic War:

  • After the death of the Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad in 1748, there was a succession dispute in Hyderabad.
  • At the same time, there was a dispute over the Nawabship of the Carnatic.
  • The French supported Muzaffar Jang (Hyderabad) and Chanda Sahib (Carnatic).
  • The English supported Nasir Jang (Hyderabad) and Muhammad Ali (Carnatic).
  • This was the first time the European companies openly took sides in Indian succession disputes, to gain political influence.

Course of the war:

  • At first, the French were successful; Muzaffar Jang became the Nizam, and he rewarded the French with territories and influence.
  • The French general Bussy was stationed at Hyderabad.
  • However, the English, led by Robert Clive, captured Arcot (the capital of the Carnatic) and defended it against Chanda Sahib's forces.
  • Chanda Sahib was later killed (1752).
  • Muhammad Ali became the Nawab of the Carnatic with English support.

End of the war:

  • The French governor was recalled to France in 1754.
  • The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry (1754-55).

Significance:

The English gained the upper hand in the Carnatic.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1746 was during the First Carnatic War.
  • ✗1752 was the year Chanda Sahib was killed.
  • ✗1757 was the year of Plassey.

Quick tip

Remember: Battle of Ambur (1749) = start of the Second Carnatic War (Anwaruddin killed; Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jang backed by the French); Treaty of Pondicherry (1754-55).

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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