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Question 14 of 73 · Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule
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The Treaty of Salbai (17 May 1782) brought to an end the:

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Answer: Option D — First Anglo-Maratha War

Detailed Solution

The Treaty of Salbai, signed on 17 May 1782, brought to an end the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782), fought between the English East India Company and the Marathas.

Causes of the war:

  • After the death of Peshwa Madhav Rao I in 1772, there was a succession dispute in the Maratha state.
  • The Company's Bombay government interfered in this dispute and supported a claimant to the Peshwaship, hoping to gain territory.
  • The Maratha council led by Nana Phadnavis opposed this.

Course of the war:

  • The British suffered a major defeat at Wadgaon (1779), where they had to sign a humiliating convention.
  • The Governor-General, Warren Hastings, sent forces from Bengal, which captured Ahmedabad and the fort of Gwalior (1780).
  • The war ended in a stalemate.

The Treaty of Salbai:

  • It was signed at Salbai (near Gwalior) between the English East India Company and the Marathas.
  • Mahadji Scindia played a key role as mediator.

Its terms:

  • The British recognised Madhav Rao II (Madhav Rao Narayan) as the Peshwa.
  • The British gave up their support to the rival claimant, who was given a pension.
  • The British kept Salsette and some other islands near Bombay.
  • The territories captured by the British after an earlier treaty were returned to the Marathas.
  • Mahadji Scindia's territories west of the Yamuna were restored to him.

Results:

  • It brought about 20 years of peace between the British and the Marathas.
  • It increased the prestige of Mahadji Scindia, who became very powerful in north India.
  • It allowed the British to concentrate on their war against Hyder Ali of Mysore.

The three Anglo-Maratha Wars:

  • First (1775-1782): ended by the Treaty of Salbai.
  • Second (1803-1805): after the Treaty of Bassein (1802).
  • Third (1817-1818): ended Maratha power.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The Second Anglo-Mysore War, the Third Anglo-Maratha War and the First Carnatic War ended with other treaties.

Quick tip

Remember: Treaty of Salbai (1782) ended the First Anglo-Maratha War (Mahadji Scindia mediated; Madhav Rao II recognised; British kept Salsette); defeat at Wadgaon (1779).

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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