The Treaty of Sugauli (1816), which ended the Anglo-Nepal War, was signed between the British and:

The Treaty of Sugauli (Segowlee) was signed in December 1815 and ratified in March 1816, between the English East India Company and the Gurkha kingdom of Nepal, ending the Anglo-Nepal (Gurkha) War of 1814-1816.

Background:

• In the late 18th century, the Gurkha (Gorkha) rulers of Nepal expanded their kingdom rapidly, conquering Kumaon, Garhwal and parts of the Terai (the plains along the foothills).
• This brought them into conflict with the British, whose territories bordered Nepal.
• Disputes over border territories in the Terai led to war in 1814, during the governor-generalship of Lord Moira.

The war:

• The British faced strong resistance from the Gurkhas in the mountains, and suffered several defeats.
• The Gurkha commander Amar Singh Thapa defended the western hills bravely.
• The British general David Ochterlony finally defeated the Gurkhas, capturing the fort of Malaun (1815).

The Treaty of Sugauli:

• Nepal ceded Kumaon, Garhwal and parts of the Terai to the British.
• Nepal gave up Sikkim, which came under British influence.
• Nepal accepted a British Resident at Kathmandu.
• The boundaries of Nepal were fixed, roughly as they are today.

Results:

• The British gained hill areas where they later established hill stations, such as Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Almora.
• The British began to recruit Gurkha soldiers into their army, and Gurkha regiments became famous for their bravery.
• Gurkha regiments continue to serve in both the Indian and British armies today.
• Nepal remained independent, though under British influence.

About Sugauli:

It is a town in the East Champaran district of Bihar.

Later relations:

In 1950, India and Nepal signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship.

Why not the other options?

• ✗The Sikhs, Burmese and Afghans signed other treaties with the British.