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Tipu Sultan was finally defeated and killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) during the governor-generalship of:

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Answer: Option C — Lord Wellesley

Detailed Solution

Tipu Sultan was finally defeated and killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), during the governor-generalship of Lord Wellesley (Richard Wellesley).

Background:

  • After losing half his kingdom in 1792, Tipu Sultan rebuilt his strength.
  • He sought help from the French, sending envoys to the French in Mauritius and to Napoleon Bonaparte, who had invaded Egypt in 1798.
  • Lord Wellesley, who became Governor-General in 1798, was determined to end French influence in India.
  • He asked Tipu to accept the Subsidiary Alliance, which Tipu refused.

The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799):

  • The English, along with the Nizam, invaded Mysore.
  • Tipu was defeated at Sedaseer and Malvalli.
  • The English besieged Srirangapatna, Tipu's capital.
  • On 4 May 1799, the English stormed the fort.
  • Tipu died fighting bravely in defence of his capital.
  • Arthur Wellesley (the Governor-General's younger brother, later the Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo) took part in the campaign.

Results:

  • Part of Tipu's kingdom was annexed by the English and part was given to the Nizam.
  • The remaining part was made into a smaller state.
  • Mysore was forced to accept a Subsidiary Alliance with the English.
  • Tipu's family was sent to Vellore.

About Lord Wellesley:

  • He was Governor-General from 1798 to 1805.
  • He called himself a "Bengal Tiger".
  • He used the Subsidiary Alliance system to bring Indian states under British control.
  • He fought the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805).
  • He founded the Fort William College in Calcutta (1800) to train civil servants.
  • He built a grand Government House in Calcutta.

Tipu's legacy:

  • He is remembered as a brave ruler who fought the British to the end.
  • He introduced modern reforms in administration, trade and the army.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Lord Cornwallis fought the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
  • ✗Sir John Shore was Governor-General before Wellesley.
  • ✗Lord Minto came later.

Quick tip

Remember: Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) = Lord Wellesley; Tipu killed defending Srirangapatna (4 May 1799); Mysore placed under a Subsidiary Alliance.

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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