During the Civil Disobedience Movement, the 'no-chaukidari tax' campaign (refusal to pay the tax for village watchmen) was launched mainly in:

During the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), the "no-chaukidari tax" campaign was launched mainly in Bihar, especially in the districts of Saran, Bhagalpur, Munger and others; it also spread to parts of Bengal.

About the chaukidari tax:

• The chaukidars were village watchmen, who were paid from a special tax levied on the villagers.
• The chaukidars often acted as informers for the police and the government, and were seen as agents of British rule in the villages.

The campaign:

• The people refused to pay the chaukidari tax, and asked the chaukidars to resign.
• The social boycott of those who did not resign was organised.
• In response, the government confiscated the property of those who refused to pay, beat people, and arrested many.
• In Bihar, the campaign was very widespread, and the government could not collect the tax in many areas.

Other forms of civil disobedience in Bihar:

• In Bihar, where the sea coast was far away and salt could not easily be made from sea water, people made salt from salt-rich earth, and broke the salt law in other ways.
• There were also campaigns against the payment of land revenue and against forest laws in some areas.

Other forms of civil disobedience elsewhere:

• No-revenue campaigns in Gujarat (Kheda, Bardoli) and the United Provinces.
• Forest satyagrahas in Maharashtra, Karnataka and the Central Provinces, where people broke forest laws.
• Salt satyagrahas along the coasts of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra, Kerala, Bengal and Odisha.
• Picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops in many places.

NCERT on the Civil Disobedience Movement:

NCERT notes that people were asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, as they had done in 1921-22, but also to break colonial laws.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Gujarat, Punjab and Madras saw other forms of civil disobedience.