The committee appointed by the Government of India in October 1919 to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the disturbances in Punjab was the:

The committee appointed in October 1919 to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the disturbances in Punjab, Delhi and Bombay was officially called the Disorders Inquiry Committee, but is popularly known as the Hunter Commission, after its chairman, Lord William Hunter.

Members:

It had eight members, including three Indians: Sir Chimanlal Setalvad, Pandit Jagat Narayan and Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmad Khan.

Its work:

• It examined witnesses, including General Dyer himself.
• Dyer admitted that he had opened fire without warning, that he continued firing until the ammunition was nearly exhausted, and that he made no arrangements to help the wounded.
• He said that he wanted to produce a "moral effect" on the people of Punjab.

Its report (1920):

• The majority report, by the British members, criticised Dyer's actions as a mistaken idea of duty, but did not recommend any punishment.
• The Indian members wrote a separate minority report, which strongly condemned Dyer's actions and the imposition of martial law.

Results:

• Dyer was relieved of his command and retired from the army, but was not punished.
• In Britain, the House of Commons censured him, but the House of Lords praised him, and his supporters collected a large sum of money for him.
• Indians were deeply angered by the report and by the support for Dyer in Britain.

The Congress inquiry:

The Indian National Congress set up its own committee to inquire into the events, with members including Motilal Nehru, C. R. Das, Abbas Tyabji, M. R. Jayakar and Gandhi.

Its report held the government responsible and condemned the atrocities.

Effects:

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Hunter Commission's report turned many Indians against British rule, including moderate leaders.
• It contributed to the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920).

Why not the other options?

• ✗The Simon Commission reviewed constitutional reforms.
• ✗The Butler Committee examined relations with the princely states.
• ✗The Muddiman Committee reviewed the working of dyarchy.