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Question 105 of 137 · Gandhian Era & Struggle for Independence
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Which Swarajist leader caused a controversy in October 1925 by becoming the first member of the Swaraj Party to accept a government post, as a member of the Executive Council of the Central Provinces?

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Answer: Option C — S. B. Tambe

Detailed Solution

  • Tambe. Shripad Balwant Tambe, a Swarajist leader of the Central Provinces, accepted the post of a member of the Executive Council of the Governor of the Central Provinces in October 1925; he was the first Swarajist to accept such an office.

Background:

The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru, to enter the legislative councils and obstruct their work from within.

In the Central Provinces, the Swarajists had won a majority in the 1923 elections, and they refused to form a ministry, which made dyarchy unworkable there.

The party's policy was not to accept any office under the government.

Tambe's decision:

  • Tambe had been elected President of the Central Provinces Legislative Council.
  • In 1925, he accepted the Governor's offer to join the Executive Council, which was one of the reserved departments under dyarchy.
  • This was against the party's policy of non-cooperation with the government.

Reaction:

  • Motilal Nehru and other Swarajist leaders strongly criticised his decision.
  • The Swaraj Party expelled him, or he left the party.
  • His action showed the growing differences within the Swaraj Party between those who wanted to cooperate with the government (the "Responsivists") and those who wanted to continue obstruction.

The Responsivists:

Leaders such as N. C. Kelkar, M. R. Jayakar and B. S. Moonje favoured "responsive cooperation" with the government, including accepting offices.

They left the Swaraj Party in 1926 and formed the Responsive Cooperation Party.

The decline of the Swaraj Party:

After the death of C. R. Das in 1925, the party lost much of its strength.

In the 1926 elections, it lost many seats.

Most Swarajists returned to the Congress, and the party merged back into it.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Vithalbhai Patel became the elected President of the Central Legislative Assembly (1925), which was not a government office; Kelkar and Jayakar were Responsivists.

Quick tip

Remember: S. B. Tambe = first Swarajist to accept office (Executive Council, Central Provinces, October 1925); Responsivists = Kelkar, Jayakar, Moonje.

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Gandhian Era & Struggle for Independence — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Gandhian Era & Struggle for Independence, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the freedom struggle from Gandhi's return to India in 1915 to independence in 1947: the Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad movements, the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh, the Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience and Quit India movements, the Round Table Conferences, the Cripps Mission, the Cabinet Mission and the partition of India. Most questions ask about the year, cause or result of a movement, or the event that ended it. For example, the Chauri Chaura incident (1922) led Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement, and the Dandi March (1930) started the Civil Disobedience Movement. Learning these events on a timeline is the best way to avoid confusion. Practise the Gandhian era questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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