Question 109 of 253 · Indian Dance Forms
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Danda Nata (Danda Nacha), a ritual dance form of Odisha, is mainly dedicated to:

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Answer: Option D — Lord Shiva

Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Lord Shiva. Danda Nata (also called Danda Nacha or Danda Jatra) is one of the oldest ritual dance traditions of Odisha, performed mainly in the southern and western parts of the state, especially the Ganjam district. It is dedicated mainly to Lord Shiva, and also to the goddess Parvati (or Kali, in some traditions).

Danda Nata is performed during the month of Chaitra (March and April) and lasts for 13, 18 or 21 days. It ends on Mesha Sankranti, the Odia new year, which is also called Maha Vishuba Sankranti or Pana Sankranti. The participants, called Danduas or Bhoktas, take vows to undergo hardship and austerity during this period as an act of penance and devotion to Shiva. They fast, avoid certain foods, sleep on the ground and perform rituals in water (jala danda), on dry land (dhuli danda) and in fire (agni danda), some of which involve walking on fire or performing difficult feats of endurance. In the evenings, they perform dances, songs and short plays that tell stories of Shiva and Parvati, mixed with humour and social commentary. The performances combine devotion, art and community life, and they are believed to bring blessings to the village and to the performers.

About the other options:

  • Lord Krishna is honoured in Odisha through dances such as Gotipua and Odissi, linked with Lord Jagannath and the Gita Govinda.
  • Lord Rama is honoured in the Ramlila traditions of many states.
  • Lord Ganesha is invoked at the start of many performances, but Danda Nata is mainly a Shaiva tradition.

Odisha has many folk dances, including Gotipua (performed by boys dressed as girls), Dalkhai (a women's dance of western Odisha), Sambalpuri dances, Paika (a martial dance), Ghumura (a drum dance of Kalahandi), Chhau of Mayurbhanj and Ranappa (a dance on stilts).

💡 Exam tip

Danda Nata is linked with Shiva, penance, the month of Chaitra and the Ganjam district of Odisha. It is often asked as an example of a ritual dance of Odisha.

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Indian Dance Forms — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indian Dance Forms, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

Indian dance forms are one of the most frequently tested areas of static GK. This topic covers the eight classical dances recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi (Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Manipuri, Mohiniyattam and Sattriya), the folk and tribal dances of every state, and related terms such as mudra, abhinaya, lasya and tandava. Most questions ask which state a dance belongs to, which community performs it, or which feature identifies a classical style. Learn the classical dances with their state and one signature feature each, such as the face make-up of Kathakali or the brass plate of Kuchipudi. For folk dances, group them state by state, since exams often list three or four dances and ask for the common state. Watch for dances shared by more than one state, such as Chhau, which has three styles. Practise the Indian dance forms questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.