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Question 7 of 7 · Indian National Congress & Its Sessions
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The All India Kisan Sabha was formed at Lucknow in:

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Answer: Option D — 1936

Detailed Solution

The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed on 11 April 1936 at Lucknow, during the session of the Indian National Congress held there.

About the All India Kisan Sabha:

It was the first all-India organisation of peasants (kisans).

Its first President was Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, a leader of the peasant movement in Bihar, and its first General Secretary was N. G. Ranga, a peasant leader from Andhra Pradesh.

It was formed with the support of leaders of the Congress Socialist Party and the Communist Party, such as Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, Acharya Narendra Dev and E. M. S. Namboodiripad.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the President of the Congress session at Lucknow (1936), supported the formation of the Kisan Sabha.

In August 1936, the AIKS issued a "Kisan Manifesto", which demanded the abolition of the zamindari system, reduction of land revenue and rent, cancellation of debts, and recognition of peasant unions.

The Congress included some of these demands in its election manifesto for the 1937 provincial elections and in its Faizpur Session programme (1936).

Background:

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati had founded the "Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha" in 1929 to fight against the oppression of peasants by zamindars.

Earlier peasant organisations included the "Kisan Sabhas" of the United Provinces, set up in 1918 under leaders such as Gauri Shankar Mishra, Indra Narayan Dwivedi and Madan Mohan Malaviya; the "Awadh Kisan Sabha" was formed in 1920 by Baba Ramchandra and others.

Later, the Kisan Sabha was split along political lines, and the Communist Party of India took control of the AIKS in the 1940s.

The AIKS led the Tebhaga Movement in Bengal (1946-47), which demanded that sharecroppers get two-thirds of the harvest.

Important peasant movements in India:

  • Indigo Revolt (1859-60): Bengal.
  • Deccan Riots (1875): Maharashtra.
  • Champaran Satyagraha (1917): Bihar, led by Gandhi.
  • Kheda Satyagraha (1918): Gujarat.
  • Moplah (Mappila) Rebellion (1921): Malabar, Kerala.
  • Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): Gujarat, led by Sardar Patel.
  • Telangana Movement (1946-51).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1920 is the year the Awadh Kisan Sabha was formed.
  • ✗1929 is the year the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha was formed.
  • ✗1946 is the year of the Tebhaga Movement and the Telangana Movement.

Quick tip

Remember: All India Kisan Sabha = 11 April 1936, Lucknow (President Swami Sahajanand Saraswati; Secretary N. G. Ranga; Kisan Manifesto); Bihar Kisan Sabha = 1929; Tebhaga = 1946.

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Indian National Congress & Its Sessions — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indian National Congress & Its Sessions, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. O. Hume, and its first session was held in Bombay under W. C. Bonnerjee. This topic covers the important Congress sessions and their presidents, the moderate and extremist phases, the Surat split, and the founding and role of the Muslim League. Questions commonly ask who presided over a session, where a session was held, or what was decided there. For example, the 1929 Lahore session under Jawaharlal Nehru adopted the goal of Purna Swaraj, and the 1931 Karachi session passed the resolution on Fundamental Rights. The first woman president of the Congress was Annie Besant (Calcutta, 1917). Practise the Indian National Congress questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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