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Question 19 of 60 · Indian National Congress & Its Sessions
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The slogan 'Satyameva Jayate' (Truth alone triumphs) from the Mundaka Upanishad was popularised in the national movement by:

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Answer: Option D — Madan Mohan Malaviya

Detailed Solution

The phrase "Satyameva Jayate" ("Truth alone triumphs"), from the Mundaka Upanishad, was popularised as a national slogan by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, especially during his presidency of the Indian National Congress in 1918.

About "Satyameva Jayate":

  • It is a mantra from the Mundaka Upanishad (3.1.6), one of the principal Upanishads.
  • The full verse says that truth alone triumphs, not falsehood; by truth the divine path is spread out.
  • Malaviya used it in his speeches and promoted it as a national motto.

After Independence:

  • "Satyameva Jayate" was adopted as the national motto of India.
  • It is inscribed in Devanagari script below the State Emblem of India (the Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath), which was adopted on 26 January 1950.

About Madan Mohan Malaviya:

  • He was born on 25 December 1861 at Allahabad.
  • He was a lawyer, educationist, journalist and social reformer.
  • He was President of the Indian National Congress four times: 1909 (Lahore), 1918 (Delhi), 1932 and 1933 (he was arrested before he could preside in the last two).
  • He was one of the founders of the Hindu Mahasabha.
  • He founded the Banaras Hindu University (1916).
  • He started the English newspaper "The Leader" (Allahabad) and was chairman of the "Hindustan Times".
  • He played a leading role in the defence of the accused in the Chauri Chaura case.
  • He was called "Mahamana" (great soul).
  • He was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 2015.
  • His birthday, 25 December, is observed as "Good Governance Day", along with that of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Tilak, Vivekananda and Gandhi gave other slogans.

Quick tip

Remember: "Satyameva Jayate" (Mundaka Upanishad) = popularised by Madan Mohan Malaviya ("Mahamana"; four-time Congress President; BHU); now the national motto below the State Emblem.

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Indian National Congress & Its Sessions — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indian National Congress & Its Sessions, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. O. Hume, and its first session was held in Bombay under W. C. Bonnerjee. This topic covers the important Congress sessions and their presidents, the moderate and extremist phases, the Surat split, and the founding and role of the Muslim League. Questions commonly ask who presided over a session, where a session was held, or what was decided there. For example, the 1929 Lahore session under Jawaharlal Nehru adopted the goal of Purna Swaraj, and the 1931 Karachi session passed the resolution on Fundamental Rights. The first woman president of the Congress was Annie Besant (Calcutta, 1917). Practise the Indian National Congress questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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