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Question 94 of 136 · Indian States & Union Territories
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The Line of Control (LoC) is the de facto border between:

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Answer: Option D — India and Pakistan

Detailed Solution

The Line of Control (LoC) is the military control line between the parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir administered by India and those occupied by Pakistan. It is about 740 to 776 km long.

Origin of the LoC:

  • After the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir (1947-48), a ceasefire was agreed under United Nations mediation on 1 January 1949.
  • The Karachi Agreement of July 1949 set up a Ceasefire Line (CFL), supervised by the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP).

After the 1971 war, the Simla Agreement of 1972, signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, converted the Ceasefire Line into the Line of Control, with some changes based on the positions held at the end of the war.

Both countries agreed not to change the LoC unilaterally.

Course of the LoC:

It runs from the Chhamb area near the international border in Jammu to a point known as NJ 9842 in the north.

Nature of the LoC:

  • It is not a legally recognised international border; it is a military line separating the two sides.
  • India regards the entire region of Jammu and Kashmir, including the areas occupied by Pakistan (called Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan), as an integral part of India.

Events along the LoC:

The 1999 Kargil War took place when Pakistani soldiers and militants occupied heights on the Indian side of the LoC in the Kargil district of Ladakh. India recaptured them in Operation Vijay, and 26 July is observed as Kargil Vijay Diwas.

India carried out "surgical strikes" across the LoC in September 2016.

In May 2025, India launched Operation Sindoor against terror camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The India-China boundary has a different control line.
  • ✗India and Nepal have an open international border.
  • ✗Pakistan and Afghanistan are separated by the Durand Line.

Quick tip

Remember: LoC = India-Pakistan line in Jammu and Kashmir (Simla Agreement 1972, earlier Ceasefire Line of 1949); Kargil War 1999.

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Indian States & Union Territories — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Indian States & Union Territories, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers state-wise GK for India: capitals, formation dates, high courts, state animals, birds and flowers, famous places, and the culture, dances and festivals that identify each state and union territory. Questions commonly ask about the newest state or union territory, the state formed on a particular date, the capitals of states, and which high court serves more than one state. Keep a single table per state with its capital, formation year and key facts. Reorganisations such as that of Jammu and Kashmir in 2019 change the answers, so make sure your notes are up to date. Practise the Indian states and union territories questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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