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In the context of the United Nations, what does 'SDGs' stand for?
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Answer: Option B — Sustainable Development Goals
Detailed Solution
SDGs stands for "Sustainable Development Goals", the global goals adopted by the United Nations for the period 2016-2030.
The idea of "sustainable development":
The term was popularised by the "Brundtland Report" (titled "Our Common Future"), published in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development, chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway.
It defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".
It rests on three pillars: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection.
How the SDGs were developed:
The idea of a set of sustainable development goals was agreed at the "Rio+20" conference (UN Conference on Sustainable Development), held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012. Its outcome document was titled "The Future We Want".
An "Open Working Group" of the UN General Assembly drafted the goals, after wide consultations.
They were adopted as part of the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" in September 2015.
They are universal: they apply to all countries, developed and developing (unlike the earlier MDGs, which focused mainly on developing countries).
Financing:
- The "Addis Ababa Action Agenda" (2015) dealt with financing for development.
- The "Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development" was held in Seville, Spain, in 2025.
SDGs in India:
NITI Aayog coordinates the SDGs and publishes the "SDG India Index". In the 2023-24 edition, India's overall score rose to 71 (out of 100), with Uttarakhand and Kerala at the top.
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) monitors the "National Indicator Framework".
Many states have prepared their own SDG vision documents.
Related abbreviations:
- MDGs: Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015).
- HLPF: High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development.
- VNR: Voluntary National Review.
- UNDP: United Nations Development Programme.
Why not the other options?
- ✗"Social Development Guidelines" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Sustainable Dynamic Growth" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Strategic Development Goals" is not the correct expansion.
Quick tip
Remember: SDGs = Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda, adopted September 2015; idea from Rio+20, 2012); "sustainable development" defined by the Brundtland Report (1987, "Our Common Future"); SDG India Index = NITI Aayog.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.