SSC
The Global Innovation Index (GII) is published by:
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Answer: Option A — World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Detailed Solution
The Global Innovation Index (GII) is published every year by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a specialised agency of the United Nations.
About the Global Innovation Index:
It was started in 2007 by INSEAD, a business school in France, and the magazine "World Business".
WIPO later became its main publisher. Over the years, it has been co-published with partners such as Cornell University and INSEAD, and supported by bodies like the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) as a knowledge partner.
It ranks about 130 economies according to their innovation capabilities and performance.
It uses about 80 indicators grouped into seven pillars:
- Innovation inputs: institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication.
- Innovation outputs: knowledge and technology outputs, and creative outputs.
- Switzerland has been ranked first for many years in a row, followed by countries such as Sweden, the USA, Singapore and the UK.
India's performance:
- India has improved greatly, from the 81st position in 2015 to the 39th position in 2024.
- India ranks first among lower-middle-income economies and among the countries of Central and Southern Asia.
- India is strong in ICT services exports, venture capital, and the number of science and engineering graduates.
- NITI Aayog prepares the "India Innovation Index" to rank Indian states on innovation.
About WIPO:
- It was established by the WIPO Convention in 1967 (came into force in 1970).
- It became a specialised agency of the UN in 1974.
- Its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland.
- India joined WIPO in 1975.
It administers international treaties on intellectual property, such as the Paris Convention (industrial property, 1883), the Berne Convention (copyright, 1886), the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT, 1970) and the Madrid System for trademarks.
World Intellectual Property Day is observed on 26 April, the date the WIPO Convention came into force in 1970.
Other international indices:
- Global Competitiveness Report: World Economic Forum (WEF).
- Human Development Index: UNDP.
- Ease of Doing Business: World Bank (discontinued in 2021).
- Global Hunger Index: Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe.
Why not the other options?
- ✗The World Economic Forum publishes the Global Competitiveness Report and the Global Gender Gap Report.
- ✗The UNDP publishes the Human Development Report.
- ✗The World Bank published the Ease of Doing Business report.
Quick tip
Remember: Global Innovation Index = WIPO (started 2007 by INSEAD; Switzerland first; India rose from 81st in 2015 to 39th in 2024); WIPO = Geneva (1967); World IP Day = 26 April.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.