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The International Labour Organization (ILO) was established in:
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Answer: Option D — 1919
Detailed Solution
The International Labour Organization (ILO) was established in 1919, under the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War.
About the ILO:
- Its constitution was drafted by a Labour Commission at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and became Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles.
- It was founded on the belief that "universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based on social justice".
- It was linked to the League of Nations, and it survived the League's end.
- In 1946, it became the first specialised agency of the United Nations.
- Its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland.
- India is a founding member of the ILO.
Its unique feature:
It has a "tripartite" structure: governments, employers and workers of member countries have an equal voice in its decisions. It is the only tripartite UN agency.
Its main bodies are the International Labour Conference (held every June in Geneva), the Governing Body and the International Labour Office (secretariat).
Its work:
It sets international labour standards through conventions and recommendations. It has adopted about 190 conventions.
Eight conventions (now ten, after occupational safety and health was added in 2022) are "fundamental", covering freedom of association, collective bargaining, the elimination of forced labour and child labour, non-discrimination, and safe and healthy working conditions.
It promotes "decent work for all".
It received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969, on its 50th anniversary.
It publishes reports such as the "World Employment and Social Outlook".
India and the ILO:
- The ILO's India office is in New Delhi.
- India has ratified many ILO conventions, including the ones on forced labour and on the worst forms of child labour (Convention 182, ratified in 2017).
- India's four new labour codes (2019-2020) consolidated 29 central labour laws.
Related days:
- World Day Against Child Labour: 12 June (started by the ILO in 2002).
- World Day for Safety and Health at Work: 28 April.
Why not the other options?
- ✗1945 is the year the United Nations was founded.
- ✗1920 is the year the League of Nations came into existence.
- ✗1946 is the year the ILO became a UN specialised agency.
Quick tip
Remember: ILO = 1919 (Treaty of Versailles; HQ Geneva; first UN specialised agency 1946; tripartite structure; Nobel Peace 1969); India = founding member; World Day Against Child Labour = 12 June.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.