SSC
UNESCO was established on:
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Answer: Option C — 16 November 1945
Detailed Solution
The Constitution of UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) was signed on 16 November 1945 in London, by representatives of 37 countries.
About UNESCO:
- Its Constitution came into force on 4 November 1946, after it was ratified by 20 countries.
- It is a specialised agency of the United Nations.
- Its headquarters is in Paris, France (at Place de Fontenoy).
It has about 194 member states. India has been a member since 1946.
Its aim is to build peace through international cooperation in education, the sciences, culture, communication and information.
The preamble of its Constitution says: "Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed."
Its main programmes:
World Heritage Convention (1972): protects cultural and natural heritage sites of "outstanding universal value". India has more than 40 World Heritage Sites.
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003): India's elements on the list include Yoga, Kumbh Mela, Durga Puja in Kolkata, Garba and Ramlila.
Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme (1971): more than ten Indian biosphere reserves are in its World Network.
Memory of the World Programme (1992): protects documentary heritage.
Creative Cities Network (2004): Indian members include Jaipur, Varanasi, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Srinagar, Kozhikode and Gwalior.
Global Education Monitoring Report and the International Literacy Prizes.
It declares international days and years, such as International Literacy Day (8 September) and World Book Day (23 April).
Important bodies under UNESCO:
- International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP): Paris.
- UNESCO Institute for Statistics: Montreal.
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP): New Delhi; set up in 2012.
Why not the other options?
- ✗24 October 1945 is when the UN Charter came into force (UN Day).
- ✗11 December 1946 is when UNICEF was created.
- ✗7 April 1948 is when the WHO was founded.
Quick tip
Remember: UNESCO = Constitution signed 16 November 1945 in London (in force 4 November 1946; HQ Paris; World Heritage Convention 1972; MAB 1971); UN Day = 24 October; UNICEF = 11 December 1946; WHO = 7 April 1948.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.