The official languages of Afghanistan are:

Dari and Pashto are the two official languages of Afghanistan.

About the languages of Afghanistan:

Dari is a variety of Persian (Farsi). It is the most widely spoken language and is used as a common language (lingua franca) between different ethnic groups. It is the main language of the Tajiks and Hazaras.

Pashto is the language of the Pashtuns, the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. It is also spoken widely in north-western Pakistan, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Both languages belong to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, and both are written in modified forms of the Perso-Arabic script.

The 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan recognised Dari and Pashto as official languages and also gave regional official status to languages such as Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi, Nuristani and Pamiri in areas where they are spoken by the majority.

The national anthem was required to be in Pashto.

About Afghanistan:

• Its capital is Kabul.
• It is a landlocked country bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China (through the narrow Wakhan Corridor).
• The "Durand Line" (1893), drawn by the British diplomat Sir Mortimer Durand, forms its border with Pakistan; Afghanistan has never formally accepted it.
• The Hindu Kush mountains run through the country.
• Its main rivers include the Amu Darya, Helmand and Kabul.
• The Taliban took control of the country in August 2021, and it was renamed the "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" by them.

India and Afghanistan:

• India built the Afghan Parliament building in Kabul (2015), the Salma Dam (Afghan-India Friendship Dam, 2016) in Herat, and the Zaranj-Delaram highway.
• India upgraded its technical mission in Kabul to an embassy in 2025.

Historical links: the Gandhara region, Buddhist sites like Bamiyan (whose giant Buddha statues were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001), and the "Frontier Gandhi", Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, who led the Pashtun Khudai Khidmatgar movement.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Persian and Urdu: Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, not Afghanistan.
• ✗Pashto and Balochi: Balochi is a regional language.
• ✗Dari and Uzbek: Uzbek is a regional language.