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Which 15th-century Italian traveller is said to have called the Telugu language the 'Italian of the East'?
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Answer: Option D — Niccolo de Conti
Detailed Solution
The 15th-century Venetian (Italian) traveller Niccolo de Conti is said to have called the Telugu language the "Italian of the East", because, like Italian, most Telugu words end in a vowel, which gives the language a musical quality.
About Niccolo de Conti:
- He was a merchant from Venice, born around 1395.
- He travelled to the East in the early 15th century, spending about 25 years in Asia (about 1419-1444).
- He visited Persia, India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, Burma and other places.
- He visited the Vijayanagara empire, probably around 1420, during the reign of Deva Raya I.
- He described the city of Vijayanagara, saying that its circumference was about sixty miles, with walls running up to the mountains.
- He described the king's power, the large number of his wives, festivals, and customs such as sati.
His account:
- On his return to Italy, he narrated his travels to the papal secretary, Poggio Bracciolini, who wrote them down in Latin.
- His account was important for European knowledge of Asia before the Portuguese voyages.
About Telugu:
- It is a Dravidian language, spoken mainly in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
- It is one of the most widely spoken languages in India.
- It was declared a classical language in 2008.
- Its literature flourished under the Vijayanagara rulers, especially Krishnadeva Raya.
- The Telugu script developed from the Brahmi script, through the Bhattiprolu script.
- The phrase "Italian of the East" is also sometimes applied to Kannada, but it is most commonly used for Telugu.
Other Italian travellers to India:
- Marco Polo (13th century): visited south India.
- Ludovico di Varthema (early 16th century): visited Vijayanagara and the Malabar coast.
- Niccolao Manucci (17th century): lived at the Mughal court.
- Pietro Della Valle (17th century): visited western India.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Marco Polo, Varthema and Della Valle were other Italian travellers.
Quick tip
Remember: "Italian of the East" = Telugu, as called by Niccolo de Conti (Venetian; visited Vijayanagara about 1420); Telugu = classical language (2008).
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Languages & Scripts — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Languages & Scripts, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the languages of India, the 22 languages in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, classical languages, official languages of states, scripts such as Brahmi, Kharosthi and Devanagari, and the most widely spoken languages of the world. Questions often ask which languages have classical status, which language is official in a particular state, or how many languages the Eighth Schedule contains. Remember the amendments that added languages to the Eighth Schedule (for example, the 92nd Amendment added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali). Because the list of classical languages has grown over time, check the latest official count before your exam. Practise the languages and scripts questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.