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Question 48 of 58 · Making & Sources of the Constitution
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The Sapru Committee, which distinguished between justiciable and non-justiciable rights for a future constitution, published its report in:

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Answer: Option D — 1945

Detailed Solution

The Sapru Committee, set up by the Non-Party Conference in 1944 under the chairmanship of Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, published its report in 1945. It proposed a set of rights for a future constitution and divided them into justiciable and non-justiciable rights.

Background:

  • In 1944, there was a deadlock between the Congress and the Muslim League on the future constitution of India.
  • The Non-Party Conference, a group of leaders not tied to either party, set up a Conciliation Committee under Sapru to find a solution.

Main proposals of the committee:

  • It recommended a list of fundamental rights for the future constitution.
  • It made a distinction between rights that could be enforced by courts (justiciable) and rights that would guide the State but could not be enforced (non-justiciable).
  • It opposed the creation of Pakistan.
  • It suggested a constitution-making body with members from all communities.
  • It recommended joint electorates with reservation of seats for minorities.

Influence on the Constitution:

  • The Constituent Assembly later followed a similar approach.
  • Justiciable rights were placed in Part III as Fundamental Rights.
  • Non-justiciable principles were placed in Part IV as Directive Principles of State Policy, a model also influenced by the Irish Constitution.

About Tej Bahadur Sapru:

  • He was a leading lawyer and a Liberal leader.
  • He took part in the Round Table Conferences in London (1930 to 1932).
  • He was one of the lawyers who defended the soldiers of the Indian National Army in the Red Fort trials of 1945.

Other early demands for rights:

  • The Commonwealth of India Bill (1925) and the Nehru Report (1928) had also demanded fundamental rights for Indians.
  • The Karachi session of the Congress in 1931 adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1928 is the year of the Nehru Report.
  • ✗1935 is the year of the Government of India Act.
  • ✗1942 is the year of the Cripps Mission and the Quit India Movement.

Quick tip

Remember: Sapru Committee report = 1945; it split rights into justiciable and non-justiciable.

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Making & Sources of the Constitution — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Making & Sources of the Constitution, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers how the Indian Constitution was made: the Constituent Assembly, its committees and members, the drafting process and key dates, and the features India borrowed from other constitutions, such as the parliamentary system from Britain and Fundamental Rights from the USA. Exams frequently ask who chaired the Drafting Committee (B. R. Ambedkar), who was President of the Constituent Assembly (Rajendra Prasad), and when the Constitution was adopted (26 November 1949) and came into force (26 January 1950). Questions on borrowed features are very common, so learn a table of features and their source countries. Practise the making of the Constitution questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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