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Kalol, Mehsana and Nawagam in Gujarat are known for their:
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Answer: Option B — Oil fields
Detailed Solution
Kalol, Mehsana and Nawagam are onshore oil fields in Gujarat. They lie in the Cambay (Khambhat) basin, one of the most important petroleum-bearing sedimentary basins of India.
Oil fields of Gujarat:
Ankleshwar (Bharuch district): the first major oil field discovered by ONGC in 1960. Its discovery was a turning point in India's search for oil, since earlier production came only from Assam.
Kalol (Gandhinagar district): an oil and gas field near Ahmedabad.
Nawagam and Kosamba: oil fields in the Ahmedabad-Kheda region.
Mehsana (Mehsana district): oil fields north of Ahmedabad, including the Sobhasan and Linch areas; some contain heavy oil.
Lunej (near Khambhat) and Gandhar are other important fields.
The Cambay basin:
- It is a long, narrow rift basin running north-south through central Gujarat, extending from north of Mehsana to the Gulf of Khambhat.
- It is filled with thick, geologically young sedimentary rocks, which contain oil and natural gas.
- Oil and gas are trapped in sandstone layers within these sediments.
- ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation), set up in 1956 and now headquartered in New Delhi (with major offices in Dehradun), operates most of these fields.
Gujarat and the oil industry:
- Gujarat is one of the leading onshore oil-producing states of India.
- It has major refineries, including Reliance's huge refinery complex at Jamnagar (the largest single-location refinery in the world) and the Indian Oil refinery at Koyali near Vadodara.
India's main oil-producing regions:
- Mumbai High (offshore, Arabian Sea): the largest producer.
- Gujarat (Cambay basin): onshore fields.
- Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (upper Assam basin): the oldest oil fields.
- Rajasthan (Barmer basin): the Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya fields.
- Krishna-Godavari basin (Andhra Pradesh, offshore and onshore) and Cauvery basin (Tamil Nadu).
Why not the other options?
- ✗Coal fields are found mainly in eastern and central India, not in this part of Gujarat.
- ✗Salt pans are found in the Rann of Kutch and along the Gujarat coast, not at these inland places.
- ✗Bauxite in Gujarat occurs mainly in the Kutch and Jamnagar districts, not here.
Quick tip
Remember: Kalol, Mehsana, Nawagam, Ankleshwar = onshore oil fields of Gujarat (Cambay basin); Ankleshwar (1960) = ONGC's first big discovery.
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Minerals & Energy Resources — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Minerals & Energy Resources, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's mineral resources (iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper, mica and others) and energy resources (coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power and renewable energy), with their main producing regions, mines, oil fields and power plants. Questions often ask where a mineral is found, which state is the leading producer, or where an important power plant or oil field is located. For example, Jharia is known for coal, Digboi in Assam is the oldest oil field in India, and Tarapur in Maharashtra is the site of India's first nuclear power plant. Practise the minerals and energy resources questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.