The Rohtas Fort near Jhelum (in present-day Pakistan), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built on the orders of:

The Rohtas Fort (Qila Rohtas), near the town of Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan, was built on the orders of Sher Shah Suri, starting in about 1541, under the supervision of his officer Raja Todar Mal.

Why the fort was built:

• It was built to block the return of the exiled Humayun from Afghanistan.
• It was also meant to control the local Gakhar (Ghakkar) tribes of the Potohar plateau, who supported the Mughals.
• It guarded the important route between Peshawar and Lahore.

Features:

• It is one of the largest forts in South Asia, with a circumference of about 4 km.
• Its massive walls have about 68 bastions and 12 gates.
• The most impressive gate is the "Sohail Gate".
• It is built of stone and shows a combination of Afghan, Persian and Indian (Hindu) architectural styles.
• It had stepwells (baolis) to supply water.
• It was named after the Rohtasgarh fort in Bihar, which Sher Shah had captured earlier.

Later history:

• The fort was never taken by storm.
• Sher Shah died before it was fully completed.
• When Humayun returned in 1555, the fort's commander surrendered it without a fight.
• It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

About Raja Todar Mal:

He began his career in Sher Shah's service, and later joined Akbar's court, where he became famous as an administrator.

About Sher Shah's other buildings:

• His tomb at Sasaram, Bihar: an octagonal tomb in the middle of a lake.
• The Purana Qila in Delhi (completed by him) and the Qila-i-Kuhna mosque inside it.

Sher Shah's administration:

• He divided his empire into sarkars and parganas, with officials such as the shiqdar, amin and munsif.
• He reorganised the land revenue on the basis of measurement.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Akbar, Humayun and Ranjit Singh did not build this fort.