SSC
The classification of urban local bodies into three categories is laid down in:
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Answer: Option D — Article 243Q
Detailed Solution
Article 243Q, added by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, provides for three categories of municipalities, depending on the size of the urban area.
The three categories:
- A Nagar Panchayat, for a transitional area, that is, an area in transition from a rural area to an urban area.
- A Municipal Council, for a smaller urban area.
- A Municipal Corporation, for a larger urban area.
Factors considered:
The area is classified by public notification, having regard to the population, the density of population, the revenue generated for local administration, the percentage of employment in non-agricultural activities, the economic importance and other factors.
Exception for industrial townships:
A municipality need not be constituted in an urban area that is specified as an industrial township, where municipal services are provided by an industrial establishment.
Other provisions of Part IXA:
- Article 243P: definitions.
- Article 243R: composition of municipalities.
- Article 243S: constitution of Wards Committees in municipalities with a population of three lakh or more.
- Article 243T: reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women.
- Article 243U: duration of municipalities.
- Article 243W: powers, authority and responsibilities of municipalities, including the 18 subjects in the Twelfth Schedule.
- Article 243ZD: District Planning Committees.
- Article 243ZE: Metropolitan Planning Committees.
The 74th Amendment:
- It gave constitutional status to urban local bodies.
- It came into force on 1 June 1993.
- It added Part IXA and the Twelfth Schedule to the Constitution.
Other urban bodies:
Besides municipalities, there are other urban local bodies such as cantonment boards, notified area committees, town area committees, township committees, port trusts and special purpose agencies.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Article 243P gives definitions.
- ✗Article 243R deals with the composition of municipalities.
- ✗Article 243W deals with their powers.
Quick tip
Remember: Article 243Q = three types: Nagar Panchayat (transitional), Municipal Council (smaller) and Municipal Corporation (larger).
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Panchayati Raj & Municipalities — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Panchayati Raj & Municipalities, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers local self-government in India: the Balwant Rai Mehta and Ashok Mehta committees, the 73rd Amendment on panchayats (Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule), the 74th Amendment on municipalities (Part IX-A and the Twelfth Schedule), and state election commissions and finance commissions. Questions commonly ask which state first adopted Panchayati Raj (Rajasthan, at Nagaur in 1959), which committee recommended the three-tier system, and what the 73rd and 74th Amendments provide, such as reservation for women of not less than one-third of seats. The Eleventh Schedule lists 29 subjects and the Twelfth lists 18. Practise the Panchayati Raj and municipalities questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.