The federation of which country has been described as "an indestructible union of indestructible states"?

The American federation has been described as "an indestructible union of indestructible states". The phrase comes from the US Supreme Court's judgment in Texas v. White (1869).

Meaning of the phrase:

• The Union of the United States cannot be broken up, because no state can secede from it.
• The states also cannot be destroyed, because their boundaries and existence cannot be changed without their consent.

Background of Texas v. White:

• After the American Civil War, the question arose whether the southern states that had tried to secede had ever really left the Union.
• The Supreme Court held that the Union was perpetual and indissoluble, and that secession was illegal.

Indian federation:

• The Indian federation is described as "an indestructible union of destructible states".
• The Union is indestructible, because no state can secede.
• But the states are destructible, because Parliament can change the area, boundaries or names of states, or create new states, under Article 3, by a simple majority, without the consent of the states concerned.
• Article 1 describes India as a "Union of States" rather than a federation of states.

Dr. Ambedkar's explanation:

• He said that the Indian federation was not the result of an agreement among the states, and that no state has the right to secede from it.
• That is why the term "Union" was used.

Other descriptions of the Indian federation:

K.C. Wheare called it "quasi-federal".

Ivor Jennings called it "a federation with a strong centralising tendency".

Granville Austin called it "cooperative federalism".

Canada:

Canada is called a federation with a strong Centre, and the Indian model is similar to it.

Australia:

Australia has a federal system in which the states have significant powers.

Why not the other options?

• ✗India is an indestructible union of destructible states.
• ✗Canada and Australia are not described by this phrase.