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Question 21 of 38 · Scientific Research Institutes & Organisations
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The ICMR-National Institute of Virology (NIV) is located in:

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Answer: Option D — Pune

Detailed Solution

The ICMR-National Institute of Virology (NIV) is located in Pune, Maharashtra.

About the National Institute of Virology:

  • It was established in 1952 as the "Virus Research Centre" (VRC), under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), with support from the Rockefeller Foundation of the USA.
  • It was renamed the National Institute of Virology in 1978.
  • It is one of the major institutes of the ICMR and is a WHO Collaborating Centre for arboviruses (viruses spread by insects) and haemorrhagic fevers, and a reference laboratory for influenza and other viruses.
  • It has India's first Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) laboratory, where the most dangerous viruses can be studied safely.

Its achievements:

  • It studied many viral diseases in India, such as Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD, or "monkey fever"), Japanese encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya, hepatitis, rabies, measles, Zika and Nipah virus.
  • In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was the first laboratory in India to isolate the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
  • It worked with Bharat Biotech (Hyderabad) to develop "Covaxin", India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine.
  • It has field units and branches in Kerala (Alappuzha) and other states.

About the ICMR:

  • It is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research.
  • It began in 1911 as the "Indian Research Fund Association" (IRFA) and was renamed the ICMR in 1949.
  • Its headquarters is in New Delhi.
  • It works under the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Other ICMR institutes:

  • National Institute of Nutrition (NIN): Hyderabad.
  • National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED): Kolkata.
  • National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE): Chennai.
  • National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT): Chennai.

Other medical research institutions:

  • Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh): founded in 1905; it makes vaccines and antisera.
  • Haffkine Institute, Mumbai: founded in 1899 by Waldemar Haffkine, who developed vaccines against cholera and plague.
  • Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor (Tamil Nadu).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗New Delhi has the ICMR headquarters and AIIMS.
  • ✗Hyderabad has the National Institute of Nutrition.
  • ✗Kasauli has the Central Research Institute.

Quick tip

Remember: National Institute of Virology = Pune (1952 as the Virus Research Centre; first in India to isolate SARS-CoV-2; BSL-4 lab; Covaxin with Bharat Biotech); ICMR = 1911 (as IRFA), HQ New Delhi.

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Scientific Research Institutes & Organisations — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Scientific Research Institutes & Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers India's scientific research institutes and organisations, such as BARC, ISRO, DRDO, CSIR and its laboratories, ICAR and ICMR, and specialised research centres for crops, animals, oceans and medicine, along with where they are located. Questions usually ask where an institute is located and what it researches. For example, BARC is in Mumbai, the Central Rice Research Institute is in Cuttack, and the National Institute of Oceanography is in Goa. A table of institute, city and field is the best way to revise this topic. Practise the research institutes questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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