In the early 20th century, the revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti was mainly active in:

The Anushilan Samiti ("Society for Cultivation" or "self-culture") was one of the most important revolutionary organisations of the Indian freedom struggle. It began in 1902 in Calcutta as a physical fitness and youth club, founded by Satish Chandra Basu with the support of Pramathanath Mitra, a barrister. It was inspired by the ideas of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (whose novel "Anandamath" contains the song "Vande Mataram") and Swami Vivekananda.

Under the cover of physical training, such as lathi play and wrestling, the Samiti trained young men in revolutionary activities aimed at overthrowing British rule by force. Its activities increased greatly after the Partition of Bengal in 1905.

The Samiti had two main branches:

The Calcutta group, associated with Aurobindo Ghosh and his brother Barindra Kumar Ghosh, who also ran the newspaper "Jugantar". This group later came to be known as the Jugantar group.

The Dacca (Dhaka) Anushilan Samiti, led by Pulin Behari Das, which had hundreds of branches across East Bengal.

Important events linked with the Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar:

In April 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb at a carriage in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, meant for the unpopular magistrate Kingsford, but it killed two British women instead. Khudiram Bose, then 18, was hanged.

This led to the Alipore Bomb Case (1908-09), in which Aurobindo Ghosh was tried and acquitted, defended by C.R. Das, while Barindra Ghosh and others were sentenced.

Later, Rash Behari Bose, associated with the Jugantar, organised the attempt on Viceroy Lord Hardinge in Delhi in 1912.

Revolutionary organisations elsewhere included the Abhinav Bharat (Maharashtra, V.D. Savarkar), the Ghadar Party (founded in San Francisco, 1913) and the Hindustan Republican Association (1924) in North India.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Punjab saw the Ghadar movement and later Bhagat Singh's activities.
• ✗Maharashtra had the Abhinav Bharat Society of the Savarkar brothers.
• ✗Madras Presidency had the Bharata Mata Association of Vanchinathan.