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Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab, belonged to which Sikh misl?
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Answer: Option A — Sukerchakia misl
Detailed Solution
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), the founder of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab, belonged to the Sukerchakia misl.
About the Sukerchakia misl:
- It was one of the twelve Sikh misls (confederacies) of the 18th century.
- It was founded by Charat Singh, Ranjit Singh's grandfather, and was based at Gujranwala (now in Pakistan).
- Ranjit Singh's father, Maha Singh, expanded it.
- Ranjit Singh became its chief in 1792, at the age of about 12, after his father's death.
About the misls:
- In the 18th century, after the decline of Mughal power in Punjab, the Sikhs organised themselves into bands called misls, each led by a sardar.
- There were twelve main misls, such as the Bhangi, Ahluwalia, Ramgarhia, Kanhaiya, Phulkian, Nakai, Dallewalia, Shaheedan, Karorasinghia, Nishanwalia, Singhpuria and Sukerchakia.
- They often united under the "Dal Khalsa" for common action, and took decisions through the "Sarbat Khalsa" (assembly) at Amritsar, in the form of "gurmatas" (resolutions).
- They protected villages in return for a share of the produce, under the "rakhi" system.
Ranjit Singh's rise:
- He captured Lahore in 1799 from the Bhangi chiefs.
- He proclaimed himself Maharaja of Punjab in 1801.
- He captured Amritsar in 1802, and later Multan (1818), Kashmir (1819) and Peshawar (1834).
- He brought most of the misls under his control, through conquest, alliances and marriages; his mother-in-law, Sada Kaur of the Kanhaiya misl, helped him greatly.
- He built a modern army (the Fauj-i-Ain), trained by European officers such as Jean-Baptiste Ventura and Jean-Francois Allard.
- He was called "Sher-e-Punjab" (Lion of Punjab).
- He gilded the Harmandir Sahib at Amritsar.
- He signed a treaty with the British in 1809, fixing the Sutlej as the boundary.
- He died in 1839.
Why not the other options?
- ✗The Bhangi, Ahluwalia and Kanhaiya were other misls.
Quick tip
Remember: Ranjit Singh = Sukerchakia misl (Gujranwala; founded by Charat Singh); captured Lahore (1799); "Sher-e-Punjab"; died 1839.
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Sikh Gurus & Maratha Empire — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Sikh Gurus & Maratha Empire, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the ten Sikh Gurus, from Guru Nanak Dev to Guru Gobind Singh, and their contributions, the rise of the Sikh state under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and the Maratha Empire from Shivaji to the Peshwas, including Maratha administration and the Anglo-Maratha wars. Questions often ask which Guru compiled the Adi Granth (Guru Arjan Dev), founded the Khalsa (Guru Gobind Singh, 1699) or introduced the Gurmukhi script (Guru Angad Dev). On the Marathas, expect questions on Shivaji's Ashtapradhan council, his coronation at Raigad in 1674, the Peshwas, and the Third Battle of Panipat (1761). Practise the Sikh Gurus and Maratha Empire questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.