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The headquarters of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is located in:
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Answer: Option A — Los Banos, Philippines
Detailed Solution
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has its headquarters in Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
About the IRRI:
- It was established in 1960 by the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation, with the support of the Government of the Philippines.
- It is the world's largest non-profit agricultural research centre dedicated to rice.
- It is a member of the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research), a global partnership of agricultural research centres.
- Its aims are to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability.
Its achievements:
It developed "IR8", a high-yielding semi-dwarf rice variety released in 1966. Called "miracle rice", it was a key part of the Green Revolution in Asia, including India.
It developed "Golden Rice", enriched with beta-carotene (provitamin A), with partners.
It developed flood-tolerant "Scuba rice" (with the Sub1 gene), which can survive under water for about two weeks.
It maintains the International Rice Genebank, which holds more than 1,30,000 types of rice.
IRRI in India:
- IRRI's "South Asia Regional Centre" (ISARC) was set up in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, and inaugurated in 2018.
- It works closely with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) on rice varieties and farming methods.
Rice research in India:
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI): Cuttack, Odisha (founded in 1946 as the Central Rice Research Institute).
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR): Hyderabad.
- India is the second-largest producer of rice in the world and the largest exporter.
- West Bengal is the largest rice-producing state.
Other CGIAR centres:
- CIMMYT (wheat and maize): Mexico.
- ICRISAT (dryland crops): Patancheru, Hyderabad, India.
- International Potato Center (CIP): Lima, Peru.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Varanasi has the IRRI South Asia Regional Centre.
- ✗Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, a major rice exporter.
- ✗Cuttack has the National Rice Research Institute.
Quick tip
Remember: International Rice Research Institute = Los Banos, Philippines (1960; Ford and Rockefeller Foundations; IR8 "miracle rice" 1966; regional centre at Varanasi); NRRI = Cuttack; IIRR = Hyderabad; ICRISAT = Patancheru.
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Agriculture in India — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Agriculture in India, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers agriculture in India: cropping seasons (kharif, rabi and zaid), major food and cash crops and their leading producer states, irrigation, the Green, White, Blue and other agricultural revolutions, and allied activities such as animal husbandry and fisheries. Questions usually ask which crop belongs to which season, which state is the largest producer of a crop, and which revolution relates to which product. For example, the White Revolution relates to milk and was led by Verghese Kurien, and the Blue Revolution relates to fisheries. Producer rankings can change from year to year, so check the latest data for those questions. Practise the agriculture in India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.