SSC
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established on:
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Answer: Option C — 16 July 1929
Detailed Solution
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established on 16 July 1929 as the "Imperial Council of Agricultural Research".
About the founding of ICAR:
- It was set up on the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Agriculture (1926-28), chaired by Lord Linlithgow, which had reported on the state of agriculture in British India.
- It was registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.
- After independence, it was renamed the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
- 16 July is celebrated as ICAR's Foundation Day.
About ICAR:
- It is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- Its President is the Union Minister of Agriculture.
- Its headquarters is at Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.
- It is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture, horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in India.
It has one of the largest networks of agricultural research and education institutions in the world, with more than 100 institutes, many agricultural universities, and more than 700 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs, farm science centres).
Its research played a key role in the Green Revolution (wheat and rice), the White Revolution (milk), the Yellow Revolution (oilseeds) and the Blue Revolution (fish).
Important ICAR institutes:
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI, "Pusa Institute"): New Delhi; founded in 1905 at Pusa, Bihar, and moved to Delhi in 1936.
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI): Karnal.
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI): Izatnagar, Bareilly.
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI): Kochi.
- National Rice Research Institute (NRRI): Cuttack.
Why not the other options?
- ✗15 August 1947 is India's Independence Day.
- ✗26 September 1942 is when the CSIR was founded.
- ✗12 July 1982 is when NABARD was set up.
Quick tip
Remember: ICAR = 16 July 1929 (as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research; Royal Commission on Agriculture, Linlithgow; HQ Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi; under DARE); IARI = 1905 at Pusa; CSIR = 1942.
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Agriculture in India — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Agriculture in India, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers agriculture in India: cropping seasons (kharif, rabi and zaid), major food and cash crops and their leading producer states, irrigation, the Green, White, Blue and other agricultural revolutions, and allied activities such as animal husbandry and fisheries. Questions usually ask which crop belongs to which season, which state is the largest producer of a crop, and which revolution relates to which product. For example, the White Revolution relates to milk and was led by Verghese Kurien, and the Blue Revolution relates to fisheries. Producer rankings can change from year to year, so check the latest data for those questions. Practise the agriculture in India questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.