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Question 96 of 108 · Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule
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After the Santhal rebellion of 1855-56, the British created a separate district called the Santhal Parganas by carving out parts of which districts?

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Answer: Option B — Bhagalpur and Birbhum

Detailed Solution

After the Santhal rebellion (Hul) of 1855-1856 was suppressed, the British created the Santhal Parganas district in 1855 by taking out parts of the Bhagalpur and Birbhum districts, as a special area for the Santhals.

The Santhal rebellion:

  • The Santhals had settled in the Rajmahal hills, where they cleared forests and cultivated land.
  • They were exploited by zamindars, moneylenders (called "dikus", or outsiders), traders and the police.
  • They were charged very high rates of interest, and lost their lands to the moneylenders.
  • On 30 June 1855, about ten thousand Santhals gathered at Bhognadih and declared a rebellion, led by the brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu.
  • Other leaders included their brothers Chand and Bhairav, and their sisters Phulo and Jhano.
  • The rebels attacked moneylenders, zamindars, police stations and government property.
  • The British sent a large army, declared martial law, and suppressed the rebellion by early 1856.
  • Thousands of Santhals were killed; Sidhu and Kanhu were captured and executed.

Results:

  • The Santhal Parganas was made a separate non-regulation district, with special laws to protect the Santhals.
  • Ordinary courts and procedures were not applied, and the administration was carried out through Santhal headmen.
  • Later laws, such as the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act (1949), protected the land rights of the Santhals.

NCERT on the Santhals:

NCERT notes that by the 1850s, the Santhals felt that the time had come to rebel against zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial state, and that the colonial state had to carve out a separate area for them after the revolt.

Remembrance:

30 June is observed as "Hul Diwas" (Rebellion Day) in Jharkhand.

Today:

The Santhal Pargana is now a division of the state of Jharkhand, with its headquarters at Dumka.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Midnapore, Bankura, Gaya and Patna were not the districts from which the Santhal Parganas was made.

Quick tip

Remember: Santhal rebellion (Hul, 1855-56) = Sidhu and Kanhu (Bhognadih); Santhal Parganas district carved out of Bhagalpur and Birbhum; "Hul Diwas" = 30 June.

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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