The 'Patharughat uprising' of January 1894 in the Darrang district of Assam, in which many people were killed in police firing, was a:

The Patharughat uprising was a peasants' uprising against the steep increase in land revenue in Assam, which ended in police firing at Patharughat, in the Darrang district, on 28 January 1894.

Background:

• After the British took over Assam, they introduced a system of land revenue that was collected directly from the cultivators.
• In the 1890s, the British government decided to increase the land revenue in Assam sharply, in some areas by 70 to 80 percent or more.
• The peasants of Assam were already poor, and they could not pay such high taxes.

The protests:

• The peasants held "raij mels" (people's assemblies), which were traditional village gatherings, to discuss their problems.
• They decided not to pay the increased revenue, and to protest peacefully.
• Protests took place in many parts of Assam, such as Rangiya, Lachima, and Patharughat.

The firing at Patharughat:

• On 28 January 1894, a large crowd of peasants gathered at Patharughat to protest against the increased revenue.
• The British officials ordered the police and soldiers to open fire on the unarmed peasants.
• According to official records, about 15 people were killed and many more were injured; local accounts give much higher figures.

Remembrance:

• The event is remembered in Assam as one of the earliest peasant struggles against British rule in the region.
• 28 January is observed as "Krishak Swahid Divas" (Peasants' Martyrs' Day) at Patharughat.
• A memorial stands at the site, and the Indian Army has also helped in maintaining it.

Other peasant movements:

• The Indigo Revolt in Bengal (1859-60).
• The Pabna agrarian leagues (1870s).
• The Deccan riots (1875).
• The Moplah uprising in Malabar (1921).

Why not the other options?

• ✗It was not a tribal revolt against forest laws, a mutiny of soldiers, or a revolt of tea garden workers.