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Question 47 of 73 · Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule
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The First Carnatic War (1746-1748) between the English and the French ended with the:

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Answer: Option A — Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Detailed Solution

The First Carnatic War (1746-1748) between the English and French East India Companies ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), which ended the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe.

Background:

  • The First Carnatic War was an extension of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) in Europe, in which Britain and France were on opposite sides.
  • In India, the English and French companies, which had trading settlements on the Coromandel coast, fought each other.

Main events of the war:

  • In 1746, a French fleet under La Bourdonnais captured Madras from the English.
  • A dispute arose between La Bourdonnais and the French governor of Pondicherry over whether to return Madras to the English for a ransom.
  • The Nawab of the Carnatic, Anwaruddin, demanded that the French hand over Madras to him; when they refused, he sent an army, which was defeated by a small French force.
  • The English tried to capture Pondicherry in 1748, but failed.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748):

  • It was signed in Europe (at Aix-la-Chapelle, now Aachen, in Germany).
  • Under its terms, Madras was returned to the English.
  • In exchange, the French received Louisbourg in North America (Cape Breton Island).

Significance:

  • The war showed that a small, well-trained European army could defeat a much larger Indian army.
  • It also showed the importance of naval power.
  • It encouraged the European companies to interfere in Indian politics.

The Carnatic Wars:

  • First (1746-1748): ended by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
  • Second (1749-1754): ended by the Treaty of Pondicherry.
  • Third (1756-1763): ended by the Treaty of Paris.

About Aachen:

  • It is a city in western Germany, near the borders with Belgium and the Netherlands.
  • It was the capital of Charlemagne's empire.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The Treaty of Paris ended the Third Carnatic War.
  • ✗The Treaty of Pondicherry ended the Second Carnatic War.
  • ✗The Treaty of Versailles (1783) was signed after the American War of Independence.

Quick tip

Remember: Carnatic Wars ended by: First = Aix-la-Chapelle (1748; Madras returned to the English); Second = Pondicherry (1754-55); Third = Paris (1763).

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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