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Question 23 of 73 · Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule
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The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was brought to an end by the:

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Answer: Option A — Treaty of Mangalore

Detailed Solution

The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) between Mysore and the English East India Company was brought to an end by the Treaty of Mangalore, signed on 11 March 1784 between Tipu Sultan and the English.

Causes of the war:

  • Hyder Ali felt betrayed because the English had not helped him when the Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771, as promised in the Treaty of Madras (1769).
  • The English captured Mahe, a French port on the Malabar coast that Hyder Ali considered under his protection, in 1779.
  • Hyder Ali formed an alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas against the English (1779).

Course of the war:

  • In 1780, Hyder Ali invaded the Carnatic with a large army.
  • He defeated an English army under Colonel Baillie at Pollilur (1780), one of the worst defeats suffered by the English in India.
  • The Governor-General, Warren Hastings, detached the Nizam and the Marathas from the alliance through diplomacy.
  • Sir Eyre Coote won several victories over Hyder Ali in 1781.
  • Hyder Ali died of cancer in December 1782, and his son Tipu Sultan continued the war.

Terms of the Treaty of Mangalore:

  • Both sides returned the territories they had captured.
  • Prisoners of war were released.
  • It was a treaty of equals, which showed that the English had not been able to defeat Mysore.
  • Warren Hastings was unhappy with the treaty, as it did not increase English power.

About Tipu Sultan:

  • He was born in 1750 at Devanahalli, near Bangalore.
  • He was a brave soldier and an energetic ruler.
  • He introduced a new calendar, new coins and new weights and measures.
  • He tried to get help from France and the Ottoman Empire against the English.

The Anglo-Mysore Wars and their treaties:

  • First (1767-1769): Treaty of Madras.
  • Second (1780-1784): Treaty of Mangalore.
  • Third: Tipu lost half his territory.
  • Fourth (1799): Tipu was killed.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗The Treaty of Madras ended the First war.
  • ✗The Treaty of Seringapatam ended the Third war.
  • ✗The Treaty of Salbai was signed with the Marathas.

Quick tip

Remember: Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84) ended by the Treaty of Mangalore (1784, Tipu Sultan; status quo); Pollilur (1780) was a major battle of this war.

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Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Arrival of Europeans & Expansion of British Rule, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes and French in India, the growth of the East India Company, and the battles, wars and treaties through which British power expanded, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, the Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha and Anglo-Sikh wars, and policies such as subsidiary alliance and the doctrine of lapse. Typical questions ask which battle was fought in which year and between whom, which treaty ended which war, and which Governor-General introduced a policy. For example, the Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) gave the Company the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Practise the arrival of Europeans and expansion of British rule questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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