Satyendra Nath Bose, after whom the 'boson' is named, is best known for his work in:

Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974) was an Indian physicist known for his fundamental work in quantum mechanics, especially in quantum statistics.

About his contribution:

In 1924, while teaching at the University of Dacca (now Dhaka), Bose wrote a paper that derived Planck's law of black-body radiation by treating photons as identical, indistinguishable particles, without using classical physics.

After the paper was rejected by a British journal, he sent it to Albert Einstein, who recognised its importance, translated it into German and had it published in the journal "Zeitschrift für Physik" (1924).

Einstein extended Bose's ideas to atoms. Their work became known as "Bose-Einstein statistics".

They predicted a new state of matter, the "Bose-Einstein condensate" (BEC), which forms when certain atoms are cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. It was first created in a laboratory in 1995 by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 along with Wolfgang Ketterle.

Particles that follow Bose-Einstein statistics were named "bosons" by the physicist Paul Dirac in his honour. Examples include photons, gluons and the Higgs boson.

The other class of particles, "fermions" (such as electrons), follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.

About Satyendra Nath Bose:

• He was born on 1 January 1894 in Calcutta.
• He studied at Presidency College, Calcutta, where his classmates included the scientist Meghnad Saha and teachers included Jagadish Chandra Bose and Prafulla Chandra Ray.
• He received the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 and was made a National Professor in 1959.
• He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1958.

The S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences in Kolkata (founded 1986) is named after him.

Other famous Indian scientists:

• V. Raman: scattering of light (Raman Effect), Nobel Prize (1930).
• Meghnad Saha: Saha ionisation equation.

Homi J. Bhabha: nuclear physics.

Why not the other options?

• ✗The theory of relativity was developed by Albert Einstein.
• ✗Nuclear fission was discovered by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann (1938).

The scattering of light (Raman Effect) was discovered by C. V. Raman.