Defence
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, the leader of the National Conference and later Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, was popularly known as:
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Answer: Option C — Sher-e-Kashmir (Lion of Kashmir)
Detailed Solution
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was popularly known as "Sher-e-Kashmir" ("Lion of Kashmir").
About Sheikh Abdullah:
- He was born on 5 December 1905 at Soura, near Srinagar.
- He studied at the Aligarh Muslim University, where he earned a master's degree in science.
- He became a teacher, and soon became involved in the movement against the autocratic rule of the Dogra Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh.
Political career:
- In 1932, he founded the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference.
- In 1939, he renamed it the "All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference", to include people of all religions.
- In 1946, he launched the "Quit Kashmir" movement against the Maharaja, and was imprisoned.
- He was a close friend of Jawaharlal Nehru.
After independence:
- When Pakistani tribal raiders invaded Kashmir in October 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India.
- Sheikh Abdullah became the head of the emergency administration, and then the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir (1948-1953).
- His government introduced land reforms, abolishing big landlordism ("land to the tiller").
- In 1953, he was dismissed and arrested, and spent many years in prison.
- In 1975, after the Indira-Sheikh Accord, he became the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, and remained in office until his death.
- He died on 8 September 1982.
His autobiography:
"Aatish-e-Chinar" ("Flames of the Chinar").
His family:
His son Farooq Abdullah and grandson Omar Abdullah also became Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir.
Why not the other options?
- ✗"Frontier Gandhi" was Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan; "Quaid-e-Azam" was Jinnah; "Bihar Kesari" was Shri Krishna Sinha.
Quick tip
Remember: Sheikh Abdullah = "Sher-e-Kashmir" (National Conference, 1939; "Quit Kashmir" 1946; land reforms; "Aatish-e-Chinar").
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Famous Personalities & Founders — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Famous Personalities & Founders, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers famous personalities from India and the world: leaders, reformers, scientists, entrepreneurs and their nicknames, along with the founders of organisations, companies, institutions, religions and movements. Questions often use popular titles such as 'Iron Man of India' (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel) or 'Nightingale of India' (Sarojini Naidu), or ask who founded an organisation, such as the Ramakrishna Mission (Swami Vivekananda). Grouping people by field and by title makes revision faster and helps you spot wrong options. Practise the famous personalities questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.