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Question 47 of 69 · Gandhian Era & Struggle for Independence
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Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 after the violent incident at:

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Answer: Option B — Chauri Chaura

Detailed Solution

Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 after the violent incident at Chauri Chaura, a village in the Gorakhpur district of present-day Uttar Pradesh.

The incident:

  • On 4 February 1922, a large crowd of peasants and volunteers took out a procession at Chauri Chaura, as part of the movement.
  • The police fired on the crowd, killing some people.
  • In anger, the crowd attacked the police station (thana) and set it on fire.
  • Twenty-two policemen (including one officer) who were inside were burnt to death or killed.

Gandhi's decision:

  • Gandhi was deeply shocked by the violence.
  • He felt that the people were not yet ready for a non-violent mass movement, and that satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before mass struggles.
  • NCERT notes that in February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement, feeling that the movement was turning violent in many places.
  • The Congress Working Committee met at Bardoli on 12 February 1922 and formally suspended the movement.
  • It called for a constructive programme instead: spinning, temperance, education, and the removal of untouchability.

Reactions:

Many Congress leaders, such as Motilal Nehru, C. R. Das, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, were unhappy with the decision, because the movement was at its height.

They felt that the action of one village should not have ended a nationwide movement.

Gandhi was arrested in March 1922 and sentenced to imprisonment.

After the withdrawal:

  • Some Congress leaders formed a new party to enter the legislative councils.
  • Many young revolutionaries, disappointed by the withdrawal, turned to armed revolutionary activities.

The trial:

A large number of people were tried for the Chauri Chaura incident; many were sentenced to death, though most sentences were reduced on appeal.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Jallianwala Bagh, Nankana Sahib and Malegaon were the scenes of other incidents.

Quick tip

Remember: Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur, 4 February 1922; police station burnt, 22 policemen killed) = Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn (Bardoli, 12 February 1922).

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Gandhian Era & Struggle for Independence — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Gandhian Era & Struggle for Independence, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the freedom struggle from Gandhi's return to India in 1915 to independence in 1947: the Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad movements, the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh, the Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience and Quit India movements, the Round Table Conferences, the Cripps Mission, the Cabinet Mission and the partition of India. Most questions ask about the year, cause or result of a movement, or the event that ended it. For example, the Chauri Chaura incident (1922) led Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement, and the Dandi March (1930) started the Civil Disobedience Movement. Learning these events on a timeline is the best way to avoid confusion. Practise the Gandhian era questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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