National educational institutions such as the Jamia Millia Islamia, the Kashi Vidyapith and the Gujarat Vidyapith were established in response to Gandhi's call during the:

National educational institutions such as the Jamia Millia Islamia, the Kashi Vidyapith and the Gujarat Vidyapith were established in 1920-1921, in response to Gandhi's call to boycott government-controlled schools and colleges during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Background:

• One of the main parts of the non-cooperation programme was the boycott of schools and colleges run or aided by the British government.
• Thousands of students left these institutions.
• To provide them with an alternative, national schools and colleges were set up, which taught in Indian languages and promoted nationalist values, crafts and spinning.

National institutions set up during the movement:

Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad (October 1920): founded by Gandhi himself; he was its first Chancellor.

Jamia Millia Islamia (October 1920): founded at Aligarh by leaders such as Hakim Ajmal Khan, Dr M. A. Ansari and Maulana Mahmud Hasan; it later moved to Delhi (1925), and became a central university in 1988.

Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi (February 1921): founded by Shiv Prasad Gupta and Bhagwan Das; it is now called the Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith.

NCERT on the Non-Cooperation Movement:

NCERT notes that thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, and headmasters and teachers resigned.

However, NCERT also notes that in many places, the movement in education did not last long, because alternative Indian institutions were not enough and were slow to come up, and students and teachers began trickling back to government schools.

Other parts of the non-cooperation programme:

• Surrender of titles and honours.
• Boycott of law courts, legislative councils, foreign cloth and government functions.
• Promotion of Swadeshi, khadi and hand-spinning.
• Settlement of disputes through panchayats.

Significance:

• The national institutions trained a generation of nationalist workers and leaders.
• Many of them still exist as important universities.

Why not the other options?

• ✗The Swadeshi, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movements were other phases of the national movement.