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Question 52 of 58 · International Economic Organisations
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Judges of the International Court of Justice are elected for a term of:

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Answer: Option C — 9 years

Detailed Solution

Judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) are elected for a term of nine years, and they can be re-elected.

About the ICJ:

  • It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
  • It was established in 1945 under the UN Charter and began work in 1946.
  • It replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice, which had been set up under the League of Nations.
  • Its seat is the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.
  • It is the only principal organ of the UN that is not located in New York.

Composition:

  • The ICJ has 15 judges.
  • No two judges can be nationals of the same country.
  • One-third of the judges (five) are elected every three years, so that the Court has continuity.

Election of judges:

  • Judges are elected by both the UN General Assembly and the Security Council, voting separately.
  • A candidate must get an absolute majority in both bodies.
  • The veto of the permanent members does not apply in these elections.

Functions of the ICJ:

  • Deciding legal disputes between states (contentious cases), only with the consent of the states concerned.
  • Giving advisory opinions on legal questions referred by UN organs and specialised agencies.
  • Its judgments are binding on the parties, and there is no appeal.

Indian judges at the ICJ:

  • Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (1952 to 1953).
  • Nagendra Singh (1973 to 1988), who also served as President of the Court.

R.S. Pathak (1989 to 1991).

Dalveer Bhandari (since 2012, re-elected in 2017).

Cases involving India:

The Kulbhushan Jadhav case (India v. Pakistan): in 2019, the ICJ ruled that Pakistan had violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and must review Jadhav's conviction.

Earlier cases, such as the Right of Passage case (Portugal v. India, 1960).

Official languages:

English and French are the official languages of the ICJ.

Difference from the International Criminal Court:

The ICC, also at The Hague, tries individuals for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity; India is not a member.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗5, 6 and 12 years are not the term of ICJ judges.

Quick tip

Remember: ICJ = 15 judges, 9-year terms, seat at The Hague; Dalveer Bhandari is the present Indian judge.

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International Economic Organisations — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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