Defence
The 'Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action' adopted in 1995 is related to:
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Answer: Option B — The rights and empowerment of women
Detailed Solution
The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action was adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China, in September 1995.
About the conference:
- It was organised by the United Nations.
- About 17,000 participants and 30,000 activists attended.
- It was one of the largest gatherings on gender equality ever held.
Main message:
- It declared that "women's rights are human rights".
- It set out an agenda for women's empowerment and gender equality.
Twelve critical areas of concern:
- Women and poverty.
- Education and training of women.
- Women and health.
- Violence against women.
- Women and armed conflict.
- Women and the economy.
- Women in power and decision-making.
- Institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women.
- Human rights of women.
- Women and the media.
- Women and the environment.
- The girl child.
Follow-up:
- UN Women, created in 2010, works to implement the Platform for Action.
- Reviews are held every five years, such as "Beijing+25" in 2020.
Earlier World Conferences on Women:
Mexico City (1975), Copenhagen (1980) and Nairobi (1985).
India and the Beijing Declaration:
India signed the Declaration and has taken steps such as reservation for women in local bodies, laws against domestic violence and sexual harassment, and schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.
Related international instruments:
- The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979, is often called the international bill of rights for women.
- India ratified CEDAW in 1993.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Climate change is dealt with by the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.
- ✗Nuclear disarmament is dealt with by treaties such as the NPT.
- ✗Children's rights are dealt with by the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Quick tip
Remember: Beijing Declaration (1995) = Fourth World Conference on Women; "women's rights are human rights".
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.