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The headquarters of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is located in:
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Answer: Option D — Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines
Detailed Solution
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has its headquarters in Mandaluyong City, in Metro Manila, Philippines.
About the ADB:
It was established on 19 December 1966, following a resolution of the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE), now ESCAP.
It began with 31 members. India is a founding member.
Its first headquarters was in Makati, Manila; it moved to its present building in Mandaluyong (Ortigas Center) in 1991.
It has 69 members, of which 50 are from the Asia-Pacific region and 19 from outside.
Japan and the United States are its largest shareholders, each with about 15.6 per cent of the shares. India is the fourth-largest shareholder (after Japan, the USA and China).
Traditionally, its President is from Japan. Masato Kanda became President in February 2025.
Its aim is to achieve a "prosperous, inclusive, resilient and sustainable Asia and the Pacific", while sustaining efforts to eradicate extreme poverty.
Its work:
- It provides loans, grants, technical assistance and equity investments for development in member countries.
- It funds projects in infrastructure, energy, transport, water, education, health, agriculture, finance and climate change.
- Its "Asian Development Fund" provides grants and concessional loans to the poorest members.
- It publishes the "Asian Development Outlook" (economic forecasts).
India and the ADB:
- India started borrowing from the ADB in 1986.
- India is one of the largest borrowers from the ADB, for projects such as roads, urban development, power, railways and metro rail systems.
- ADB's India Resident Mission is in New Delhi.
Other development banks:
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): Beijing (2016).
New Development Bank (BRICS Bank): Shanghai; its first President was K. V. Kamath of India.
African Development Bank: Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Inter-American Development Bank: Washington, D.C.
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development: London.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the ADB's largest shareholder, but not its headquarters.
- ✗Beijing has the headquarters of the AIIB.
- ✗Singapore is not the ADB's headquarters.
Quick tip
Remember: Asian Development Bank = Mandaluyong, Metro Manila (19 December 1966; India a founding member; Japan and USA largest shareholders; President from Japan); AIIB = Beijing; New Development Bank = Shanghai.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.