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Question 24 of 45 · International Economic Organisations
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The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was founded in:

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Answer: Option A — 2001

Detailed Solution

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was founded on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China.

About the SCO:

  • It grew out of the "Shanghai Five" group, formed in 1996 by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, to build military trust along their borders.
  • In 2001, Uzbekistan joined, and the group was converted into the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

Its charter was signed in 2002 at St. Petersburg and came into force in 2003.

Its Secretariat is in Beijing, China.

Its Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Its official languages are Russian and Chinese.

Members:

  • India and Pakistan became full members in June 2017, at the SCO summit held that month.
  • Iran became a member in July 2023, under India's chairmanship.
  • Belarus became a member in July 2024, at the Astana summit.
  • It now has ten members: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan, Iran and Belarus.
  • It is one of the largest regional organisations in the world in terms of area and population.

Its aims:

  • To strengthen mutual trust and good-neighbourly relations among members.
  • To cooperate in politics, trade, economy, science, culture, education and energy.
  • To jointly fight the "three evils": terrorism, separatism and extremism.
  • To maintain peace, security and stability in the region.

India and the SCO:

  • India held the SCO chairmanship in 2022-23 and hosted the summit virtually in July 2023, under the theme "Towards a SECURE SCO".
  • India's "SECURE" concept stands for Security, Economic development, Connectivity, Unity, Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, and Environmental protection.

Other organisations:

  • BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (first summit 2009), later expanded.
  • Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO): a Russia-led military alliance (1992/2002).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1996 is the year the "Shanghai Five" was formed.
  • ✗1991 is the year the Soviet Union broke up.
  • ✗2017 is the year India and Pakistan became full members.

Quick tip

Remember: SCO = 15 June 2001, Shanghai (from the Shanghai Five, 1996; Secretariat Beijing; RATS in Tashkent); India and Pakistan joined 2017; Iran 2023; Belarus 2024; India chaired 2023 ("SECURE").

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International Economic Organisations — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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