Railway
What does CHOGM stand for?
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Answer: Option A — Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Detailed Solution
CHOGM stands for the "Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting", the main summit of the leaders of the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations.
About CHOGM:
It is usually held every two years, in a different member country each time.
The first CHOGM was held in Singapore in 1971. Earlier, meetings of Commonwealth Prime Ministers were held in London.
The host country's leader acts as the "Chair-in-Office" of the Commonwealth until the next meeting.
The meeting discusses global and Commonwealth issues, such as democracy, human rights, trade, climate change, health and development, and elects the Secretary-General when needed.
A tradition of the CHOGM is the informal "Retreat", where leaders meet privately without officials.
The British monarch, as Head of the Commonwealth, traditionally attends and addresses the opening ceremony.
Important CHOGMs:
- 1971: Singapore (first); the "Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles".
- 1983: New Delhi, India, with a retreat in Goa (the "Goa Declaration on International Security").
- 1991: Harare, Zimbabwe; the "Harare Declaration" on democracy and human rights.
- 2018: London; leaders agreed that Prince Charles would succeed Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth.
- 2022: Kigali, Rwanda.
- 2024: Apia, Samoa; the first CHOGM in a Pacific island country.
- 2026: Antigua and Barbuda.
India and the Commonwealth:
- India has hosted CHOGM once (1983).
- India hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010 (Delhi).
Related abbreviations:
- CHOGM: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
- CMAG: Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (1995), which deals with serious violations of Commonwealth values.
- CWG: Commonwealth Games.
Why not the other options?
- ✗"Commonwealth Head Office of Government Ministers" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Council of Heads of Governments and Monarchs" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Commonwealth Habitat and Overseas Governance Mission" is not the correct expansion.
Quick tip
Remember: CHOGM = Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (every two years; first 1971 Singapore; India hosted 1983, New Delhi and Goa; 2024 Samoa; 2026 Antigua and Barbuda).
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.