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What is the full form of UNCITRAL?
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Answer: Option D — United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
Detailed Solution
UNCITRAL stands for the "United Nations Commission on International Trade Law", the core legal body of the UN system in the field of international trade law.
About UNCITRAL:
- It was established by the UN General Assembly on 17 December 1966.
- Its aim is to promote the progressive harmonisation and modernisation of the law of international trade, by preparing model laws, conventions, legislative guides and rules that countries can adopt.
Its Secretariat is the "International Trade Law Division" of the UN Office of Legal Affairs, located in Vienna, Austria. It also meets in New York.
It has 70 member states (increased from 60 in 2004), elected by the UN General Assembly for six-year terms, representing different regions and legal systems. India has been a member several times.
Important UNCITRAL texts:
"UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules" (1976): widely used in international commercial arbitration.
"UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration" (1985, amended 2006). India's "Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996" is based on it.
"UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce" (1996). India's "Information Technology Act, 2000" is based on it.
"UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures" (2001).
"UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency" (1997).
"United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods" (CISG, Vienna, 1980).
"Singapore Convention on Mediation" (2019): on enforcing international settlement agreements resulting from mediation. India signed it in 2019.
India and arbitration:
- India's "Mediation Act, 2023" provides a framework for mediation.
- The "India International Arbitration Centre" (IIAC) was set up by law in 2019 (as the New Delhi International Arbitration Centre, renamed in 2022) to make India a hub of institutional arbitration.
Related abbreviations:
- UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (1964, Geneva).
- WTO: World Trade Organization (1995, Geneva).
- UNIDROIT: International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Rome).
- ICC: International Chamber of Commerce (Paris), which runs the ICC International Court of Arbitration.
Why not the other options?
- ✗"Council for International Trade Relations and Laws" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Centre for International Treaties and Regional Agreements" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Committee on Investment, Trade and Revenue Allocation" is not the correct expansion.
Quick tip
Remember: UNCITRAL = United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (1966; Secretariat in Vienna; Model Law on Arbitration 1985 = basis of India's Arbitration Act 1996; Model Law on E-Commerce 1996 = basis of the IT Act 2000).
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.