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Question 52 of 58 · Making & Sources of the Constitution
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In the text of the Constitution of India, the abbreviation 'Rep.' placed against an Article stands for:

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Answer: Option C — Repealed

Detailed Solution

In the official text of the Constitution of India, the abbreviation "Rep." written against an Article or clause means that the provision has been repealed, that is, omitted or removed, by a constitutional amendment.

Examples of repealed provisions:

  • Article 31 (compulsory acquisition of property): repealed by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
  • Article 19(1)(f) (right to acquire, hold and dispose of property): omitted by the 44th Amendment.
  • Article 238 (provisions for Part B states): repealed by the 7th Amendment Act, 1956, after the reorganisation of states.
  • Articles 379 to 391: transitional provisions that were repealed by the 7th Amendment.
  • Article 370's application was changed in 2019 through a Presidential Order and later steps, although the Article itself remains in the text.

Why provisions are repealed:

  • Some provisions become unnecessary after they have served their purpose, such as transitional provisions.
  • Some are removed because of policy changes, such as the removal of the right to property as a Fundamental Right.
  • Others are removed after reorganisation of states or changes in the structure of government.

How the Constitution is amended:

  • Article 368 lays down the procedure for amending the Constitution.
  • Some amendments require a simple majority, some a special majority, and some also require ratification by half of the state legislatures.

Other notations in the text of the Constitution:

  • "Ins." means inserted, for provisions added by amendments.
  • "Subs." means substituted, for provisions replaced by new wording.
  • "Omitted" is also used in some places.
  • Footnotes indicate which amendment made the change and when.

Numbering of new Articles:

  • New Articles are inserted with letters, such as Article 21A, Article 51A and Article 243A, so that the numbering of existing Articles does not change.
  • That is why the Constitution still has Articles numbered up to 395, although many more provisions have been added.

Current size of the Constitution:

The Constitution has grown to around 470 Articles in 25 Parts and 12 Schedules because of amendments.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗"Rep." does not stand for repeated, represented or replaced.

Quick tip

Remember: "Rep." = Repealed; "Ins." = Inserted; "Subs." = Substituted.

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Making & Sources of the Constitution — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Making & Sources of the Constitution, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers how the Indian Constitution was made: the Constituent Assembly, its committees and members, the drafting process and key dates, and the features India borrowed from other constitutions, such as the parliamentary system from Britain and Fundamental Rights from the USA. Exams frequently ask who chaired the Drafting Committee (B. R. Ambedkar), who was President of the Constituent Assembly (Rajendra Prasad), and when the Constitution was adopted (26 November 1949) and came into force (26 January 1950). Questions on borrowed features are very common, so learn a table of features and their source countries. Practise the making of the Constitution questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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