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'Jamdani', an exquisite style of fine muslin weaving, is associated with which Indian state?
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Answer: Option B — West Bengal
Detailed Solution
"Jamdani" is a traditional handloom weaving technique associated with Bengal, both West Bengal in India and Bangladesh (especially the Dhaka region).
About Jamdani:
It is a very fine, sheer cotton (muslin) fabric with woven decorative motifs.
The patterns are woven directly into the fabric on the loom using the "supplementary weft" technique: extra threads are inserted by hand, one by one, to create motifs such as flowers, leaves, paisleys and geometric designs.
Because each motif is added by hand, weaving one Jamdani saree can take several weeks or even months.
The name is believed to come from the Persian words "jam" (flower) and "dani" (vase), meaning "a vase of flowers".
It developed from the famous "Dhaka muslin" tradition, which was highly prized by the Mughal court and exported around the world.
It reached its peak under the Mughals in the 17th and 18th centuries.
In West Bengal, Jamdani sarees are woven mainly in Shantipur, Phulia (Nadia district) and Dhaniakhali (Hooghly district).
Recognition:
- In 2013, UNESCO added "the traditional art of Jamdani weaving" (submitted by Bangladesh) to its list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
- "Uppada Jamdani Sarees" from Andhra Pradesh received a GI tag in India in 2009.
- Bangladesh registered "Jamdani" as its first GI product in 2016.
- "Bengal Tant" and "Shantipur saree" are other famous handloom sarees of West Bengal.
Other famous textiles of West Bengal:
- Baluchari: silk sarees from Bishnupur, with scenes from the epics woven into the border (GI tag).
- Kantha: embroidery with running stitches, from Bolpur-Santiniketan (GI tag).
- Murshidabad silk.
- Garad and Korial sarees.
Famous textiles of other states in the options:
- Uttar Pradesh: Banarasi silk, Chikankari (Lucknow) and Zardozi.
- Gujarat: Patola, Bandhani and Ajrakh.
- Karnataka: Mysore silk and Ilkal sarees.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Uttar Pradesh is famous for Banarasi silk and Chikankari.
- ✗Gujarat is famous for Patola and Bandhani.
- ✗Karnataka is famous for Mysore silk.
Quick tip
Remember: Jamdani = Bengal (fine muslin with hand-inserted supplementary weft motifs; Shantipur, Phulia, Dhaniakhali; UNESCO ICH 2013 via Bangladesh); Uppada Jamdani = Andhra Pradesh (GI 2009); Baluchari = Bishnupur.
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Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's traditional painting styles (such as Madhubani, Warli, Pattachitra, Kalamkari, Gond and Tanjore), handicrafts and textiles, traditional dresses, and the major tribes of each state and their customs. It also includes Geographical Indication (GI) tags given to crafts and products. Questions usually ask which state a painting or craft belongs to, which tribe lives in a region, or what a traditional dress is called. Warli belongs to Maharashtra, Madhubani to Bihar, Pattachitra to Odisha and West Bengal, and Gond art to Madhya Pradesh. Grouping tribes by state, and noting the largest tribe of key states (such as the Bhils and the Santhals), helps with elimination. Practise the paintings, crafts and tribes questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.