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Mewar, Bundi-Kota (Hadoti), Marwar, Kishangarh and Jaipur are sub-schools of which school of miniature painting?
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Answer: Option C — Rajasthani (Rajput) school
Detailed Solution
Mewar, Bundi-Kota (Hadoti), Marwar, Kishangarh, Jaipur (Amber) and Bikaner are sub-schools of the Rajasthani (Rajput) school of miniature painting.
About the Rajasthani school:
- It developed in the courts of the Rajput kingdoms of Rajasthan from the 16th to the 19th century.
- It drew on earlier Indian traditions, such as Jain manuscript painting, and later absorbed Mughal influences.
Its themes included scenes from the life of Krishna (especially from the Bhagavata Purana and the Gita Govinda), Ramayana and Mahabharata episodes, ragamala (paintings illustrating musical modes), barahmasa (the twelve months), court scenes, hunting and portraits.
It used bright colours, strong lines and decorative details.
Main sub-schools:
- Mewar (Udaipur): one of the oldest; known for bright colours and narrative paintings; the "Chawand Ragamala" (1605) by Nasiruddin is a famous early work.
- Bundi and Kota (Hadoti): known for lush landscapes, hunting scenes and depictions of nature; Kota is famous for jungle hunting scenes.
- Marwar (Jodhpur): known for portraits and court scenes.
- Kishangarh: famous for "Bani Thani", a painting of an idealised woman with elongated eyes, by Nihal Chand, under Raja Sawant Singh (Nagari Das), in the 18th century; it is sometimes called the "Mona Lisa of India".
- Jaipur (Amber): influenced by the Mughal style.
- Bikaner: strongly influenced by Mughal painting.
- Nathdwara: known for "pichhwais", large painted cloth hangings for the Shrinathji temple.
Other schools of miniature painting:
- Pahari school: developed in the hill states of the Himalayas, such as Basohli, Guler and Kangra.
- Deccan school: developed in the courts of Bijapur, Golconda and Ahmadnagar.
- Mughal school: developed at the Mughal court.
Why not the other options?
- ✗The Pahari, Deccan and Mughal schools are separate traditions.
Quick tip
Remember: Rajasthani school = Mewar, Bundi-Kota, Marwar, Kishangarh (Bani Thani by Nihal Chand), Jaipur, Bikaner; Pahari = Basohli, Guler, Kangra.
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This question tests your understanding of Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's traditional painting styles (such as Madhubani, Warli, Pattachitra, Kalamkari, Gond and Tanjore), handicrafts and textiles, traditional dresses, and the major tribes of each state and their customs. It also includes Geographical Indication (GI) tags given to crafts and products. Questions usually ask which state a painting or craft belongs to, which tribe lives in a region, or what a traditional dress is called. Warli belongs to Maharashtra, Madhubani to Bihar, Pattachitra to Odisha and West Bengal, and Gond art to Madhya Pradesh. Grouping tribes by state, and noting the largest tribe of key states (such as the Bhils and the Santhals), helps with elimination. Practise the paintings, crafts and tribes questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.