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The Gond, Baiga and Bhil are tribes mainly of which part of India?
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Answer: Option C — Central India
Detailed Solution
The Gond, Baiga and Bhil are major tribal communities of central India, living mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Odisha and Telangana.
Gond:
One of the largest tribal groups in India, living across Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Odisha.
Historically powerful, they ruled the Gond kingdoms of Garha-Mandla, Deogarh, Chanda and Kherla. Rani Durgavati of Garha-Mandla fought bravely against the Mughals in 1564.
They speak Gondi, a Dravidian language.
Gond painting, with its colourful dots and dashes, became internationally famous through the artist Jangarh Singh Shyam. Bhajju Shyam and Durga Bai Vyam are well-known Gond artists. Gond painting received a GI tag in 2023.
Bhil:
- The largest tribe in India by population (about 1.7 crore in the 2011 Census), living in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
- Known as skilled archers; the word "Bhil" is often linked to "billu" (bow).
Their festivals include Bhagoria (Madhya Pradesh) and the Baneshwar fair (Rajasthan). Bhil painting is known through artists such as Bhuri Bai.
Baiga:
- A Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) living mainly in Madhya Pradesh (Mandla, Dindori, Balaghat) and Chhattisgarh.
- They traditionally practised shifting cultivation called "bewar" and have deep knowledge of forest medicine.
Baiga women are famous for their elaborate tattoos (godna). In 2015-16, the Baigas of Dindori became the first PVTG to receive habitat rights under the Forest Rights Act.
Madhya Pradesh has the largest tribal population in India, followed by Maharashtra and Odisha.
Why not the other options?
- ✗North-East India has tribes such as the Naga, Khasi and Bodo.
- ✗The Himalayan region has tribes such as the Gaddi, Bhotiya and Lepcha.
- ✗The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have the Jarawa, Onge and Shompen.
Quick tip
Remember: Gond, Baiga, Bhil = Central India; Bhil = largest tribe; Gond art = Jangarh Singh Shyam; Baiga = PVTG with first habitat rights; MP = largest tribal population.
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Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's traditional painting styles (such as Madhubani, Warli, Pattachitra, Kalamkari, Gond and Tanjore), handicrafts and textiles, traditional dresses, and the major tribes of each state and their customs. It also includes Geographical Indication (GI) tags given to crafts and products. Questions usually ask which state a painting or craft belongs to, which tribe lives in a region, or what a traditional dress is called. Warli belongs to Maharashtra, Madhubani to Bihar, Pattachitra to Odisha and West Bengal, and Gond art to Madhya Pradesh. Grouping tribes by state, and noting the largest tribe of key states (such as the Bhils and the Santhals), helps with elimination. Practise the paintings, crafts and tribes questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.