The first Indian to unfurl an Indian national flag on foreign soil, at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907, was:

Madame Bhikaji Rustom Cama unfurled an Indian national flag at the International Socialist Congress held at Stuttgart, Germany, on 22 August 1907; she was the first person to hoist an Indian flag on foreign soil.

About the flag:

• The flag had three horizontal stripes of green, saffron (yellow) and red.
• The green stripe had eight lotuses (representing the provinces of British India), the middle stripe had the words "Vande Mataram" in Devanagari, and the red stripe had the sun and the crescent moon.

It was designed by Madame Cama together with V. D. Savarkar and other revolutionaries.

Her speech:

At the Congress, she spoke about the terrible effects of British rule in India, such as famines and poverty, and appealed for support for Indian freedom.

She declared: "This flag is of Indian independence. Behold, it is born!"

About Madame Cama:

• She was born on 24 September 1861 in Bombay, in a wealthy Parsi family.
• She did social work during a plague epidemic in Bombay, and fell ill herself.
• She went to Europe for treatment in 1902, and stayed there for many years, mainly in London and Paris.

She worked closely with Indian revolutionaries abroad, such as Shyamji Krishna Varma and V. D. Savarkar.

She helped found the Paris Indian Society and published revolutionary journals, such as "Bande Mataram" and "Madan's Talwar" from Paris.

She smuggled revolutionary literature and arms into India.

The British would not let her return to India until 1935, when she was old and ill.

She died in Bombay on 13 August 1936.

Her memory:

• A postage stamp was issued in her honour in 1962.
• Her flag is preserved at the Kesari Maratha Library in Pune.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Sarojini Naidu, Annie Besant and Aruna Asaf Ali were active in India.