The 'Khudai Khidmatgars' (Servants of God), a non-violent movement among the Pathans of the North-West Frontier Province, was founded by:

The "Khudai Khidmatgars" ("Servants of God") movement was founded in 1929 by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan among the Pathans (Pashtuns) of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).

About the Khudai Khidmatgars:

• It was a non-violent social reform and political movement, which worked for the education and welfare of the Pathans and for independence from British rule.
• Its members took an oath to follow non-violence, serve humanity, and not take revenge, which was remarkable among the Pathans, who were known for their warlike traditions.
• They wore uniforms dyed with brick-red colour, and so were popularly called the "Red Shirts" (Surkh Posh).
• The movement became closely associated with the Indian National Congress and Gandhi.

During the Civil Disobedience Movement:

• The Khudai Khidmatgars took a leading part in the movement in the NWFP.
• In April 1930, British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed protesters at the Qissa Khwani Bazaar in Peshawar, killing many people.
• Soldiers of the Royal Garhwal Rifles, under Chandra Singh Garhwali, refused to fire on the unarmed crowd, and were court-martialled.

About Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan:

• He was born in 1890 at Utmanzai, near Peshawar.
• He was a close follower of Gandhi and a strong believer in non-violence.
• He was popularly called "Badshah Khan" and "Frontier Gandhi" (Sarhadi Gandhi).
• He opposed the partition of India.
• After partition, the NWFP became part of Pakistan, and he spent many years in Pakistani prisons.
• He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1987.
• He died in 1988 and was buried in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.

Why not the other options?

• ✗Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Iqbal were leaders of other movements.