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Question 26 of 29 · Vijayanagara & Bahmani Kingdoms
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After the break-up of the Bahmani kingdom, the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur was founded (1489-90) by:

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Answer: Option B — Yusuf Adil Shah

Detailed Solution

The Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur was founded by Yusuf Adil Shah (Yusuf Adil Khan) in 1489-90, after the break-up of the Bahmani kingdom.

About Yusuf Adil Shah:

  • He was of Turkish (or Persian) origin; according to tradition, he was a son of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, who escaped to Persia as a child and later came to India.
  • He was bought as a slave by Mahmud Gawan, the Bahmani prime minister, and rose to become an important noble.
  • He was appointed governor (tarafdar) of Bijapur.
  • After the decline of the Bahmani kingdom, he declared independence in 1489-90.
  • He ruled until 1510.
  • He was a Shia Muslim, and introduced Shia practices at his court, though he was tolerant of other faiths.
  • He lost Goa to the Portuguese (Albuquerque) in 1510.

The Adil Shahi dynasty:

It ruled Bijapur from 1489 to 1686.

Famous rulers:

  • Ibrahim Adil Shah I: introduced Dakhni (Deccani Urdu) and Marathi in place of Persian in some government records.
  • Ali Adil Shah I: one of the leaders of the alliance at Talikota (1565); married Chand Bibi of Ahmadnagar.
  • Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580-1627): a great patron of music, painting and literature; he was called "Jagadguru" and "Abla Baba"; he wrote a book of songs in Dakhni.
  • Muhammad Adil Shah (1627-1656): built the Gol Gumbaz.
  • Sikandar Adil Shah: the last ruler; Bijapur was annexed by Aurangzeb in 1686.

Monuments of Bijapur:

  • The Gol Gumbaz: the tomb of Muhammad Adil Shah, with one of the largest domes in the world and a famous whispering gallery.
  • The Ibrahim Rauza: the tomb of Ibrahim Adil Shah II.
  • The Jama Masjid, the Bara Kaman and the Malik-i-Maidan (a giant cannon).

The other Deccan Sultanates:

Ahmadnagar (Nizam Shahi), Golconda (Qutb Shahi), Bidar (Barid Shahi) and Berar (Imad Shahi).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Sultan Quli founded Golconda.
  • ✗Malik Ahmad was another Bahmani noble.
  • ✗Qasim Barid founded the Barid Shahi line of Bidar.

Quick tip

Remember: Bijapur (Adil Shahi) founded by Yusuf Adil Shah (1489-90; lost Goa to the Portuguese in 1510); Ibrahim Adil Shah II = patron of music; Gol Gumbaz = Muhammad Adil Shah.

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Vijayanagara & Bahmani Kingdoms — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Vijayanagara & Bahmani Kingdoms, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers the Vijayanagara Empire, founded by Harihara and Bukka in 1336, and the Bahmani Sultanate, founded by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah in 1347, along with the Deccan sultanates that followed. It includes their rulers, administration, architecture and the accounts of foreign travellers. The most tested ruler is Krishnadevaraya of the Tuluva dynasty, a patron of Telugu literature and author of Amuktamalyada. Other common questions cover the Battle of Talikota (1565), the Vijayanagara capital Hampi, and the foreign travellers who visited, such as Nicolo Conti, Abdur Razzaq and Domingo Paes. Practise the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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