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Question 117 of 169 · World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies
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The 'April Theses' (1917), which demanded an end to the war, the transfer of land to the peasants and 'all power to the Soviets', were presented by:

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Answer: Option C — Vladimir Lenin

Detailed Solution

The "April Theses" were presented by Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, after his return to Russia in April 1917.

Background:

  • After the February Revolution of 1917, the Tsar abdicated and a Provisional Government took power.
  • Lenin was living in exile in Switzerland.
  • With the help of the German government, which wanted Russia out of the war, he travelled back to Russia in a sealed train.
  • He arrived at the Finland Station in Petrograd on 3 April 1917 (16 April by the Western calendar).

The April Theses:

The next day, he presented his ideas to the Bolsheviks; these were published as the "April Theses".

The main demands were:

  • The war should be brought to an end, because it was an imperialist war.
  • The land should be transferred to the peasants.
  • The banks should be nationalised.
  • The Provisional Government should not be supported, and "all power" should be given to the Soviets (councils of workers, soldiers and peasants).
  • The Bolshevik Party should be renamed the Communist Party.

Lenin's slogans:

  • "Peace, Land and Bread".
  • "All Power to the Soviets".

Result:

  • At first, many Bolsheviks were surprised by these radical ideas, but Lenin won them over.
  • The Bolsheviks gained support among workers and soldiers, and seized power in the October Revolution of 1917.

About Lenin:

  • His real name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; "Lenin" was a pseudonym.
  • He developed the ideas of Marxism into "Marxism-Leninism", and believed in a party of professional revolutionaries.
  • He led the Soviet government until his death on 21 January 1924.

NCERT on the April Theses:

NCERT notes that in April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from exile, and put forward three demands, the "April Theses": that the war be brought to a close, land be transferred to the peasants, and banks be nationalised.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Kerensky headed the Provisional Government; Trotsky and Stalin were other Bolshevik leaders.

Quick tip

Remember: "April Theses" (1917) = Lenin (end the war, land to the peasants, nationalise banks; "All Power to the Soviets"; "Peace, Land and Bread").

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World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers world GK: countries with their capitals, currencies and parliaments, national symbols, famous landmarks, the longest, largest and highest features of the world, and international boundary lines such as the Radcliffe, McMahon and Durand Lines. The most common questions match a country with its capital or currency, or a parliament with its name (such as the Knesset of Israel or the Diet of Japan). Revise countries continent by continent, giving extra attention to India's neighbours. Questions on boundary lines usually ask which two countries a line separates. Practise the world GK questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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