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The capital of Mongolia is:
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Answer: Option A — Ulaanbaatar
Detailed Solution
Ulaanbaatar (also spelt Ulan Bator) is the capital and the largest city of Mongolia.
About Ulaanbaatar:
- Its name means "Red Hero" in Mongolian, in honour of the revolutionary leader Damdin Sukhbaatar.
- It was founded in 1639 as a moving Buddhist monastery centre called "Urga" (Orgoo), and settled at its present site on the Tuul river in 1778.
- It was renamed Ulaanbaatar in 1924, when the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed.
- It is located at a height of about 1,350 metres, in a valley surrounded by mountains.
It is the coldest national capital city in the world, with average temperatures below zero for about half the year. Winter temperatures can fall below minus 40 degrees Celsius.
About half of Mongolia's population lives in Ulaanbaatar.
Many residents live in traditional felt tents called "gers" (yurts) in "ger districts" on the outskirts.
It suffers from severe air pollution in winter, mainly from burning coal for heating.
Its central square is "Sukhbaatar Square" (renamed Chinggis Square for some years).
Important places: the Gandan Monastery (a major Buddhist centre), the National Museum and the giant Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue (about 40 metres tall), which is near the city.
About Mongolia:
- It is a landlocked country between Russia (north) and China (south).
- It is the most sparsely populated sovereign country in the world (about 2 people per sq km).
- Its currency is the Tugrik.
- Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206; it became the largest contiguous land empire in history.
- It was under Chinese (Qing) rule from the late 17th century until 1911, became a communist state allied with the Soviet Union in 1924, and moved to democracy in 1990.
- The Gobi Desert covers much of its southern part.
- Inner Mongolia is a separate autonomous region of China; its capital is Hohhot.
India and Mongolia:
- India established diplomatic relations with Mongolia in 1955, one of the first countries outside the Soviet bloc to do so.
- India has extended a credit line for Mongolia's first oil refinery.
- They share strong Buddhist links; India sent holy relics of the Buddha for display in Mongolia in 2022.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan.
- ✗Bishkek is the capital of Kyrgyzstan.
- ✗Hohhot is the capital of Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of China.
Quick tip
Remember: Mongolia = capital Ulaanbaatar ("Red Hero"; coldest national capital; ger districts); currency Tugrik; Genghis Khan (1206); Gobi Desert; Inner Mongolia (China) = Hohhot.
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World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers world GK: countries with their capitals, currencies and parliaments, national symbols, famous landmarks, the longest, largest and highest features of the world, and international boundary lines such as the Radcliffe, McMahon and Durand Lines. The most common questions match a country with its capital or currency, or a parliament with its name (such as the Knesset of Israel or the Diet of Japan). Revise countries continent by continent, giving extra attention to India's neighbours. Questions on boundary lines usually ask which two countries a line separates. Practise the world GK questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.